2024-09-27

Let's learn about "창문 좀 열어 주세요"

창문(을) 좀 열어 주세요 : Could you roll down the window?; Would you open the window?; Crack the window for me, please; Open the window a bit.

<The following sentences are different meanings>
창문(을) 좀 내려 주시겠어요? : Please you roll down the window?
창문(을) 조금 내려 주시겠어요? : Could you roll down the window a little bit?

ex)

A. 창문을 조금 내려 주시겠어요? 두통이 나서요 : Could you roll down the window a little bit? I’m getting a headache.

B. 어쩌죠? 창문이 제대로 작동을 안 해서 열 수가 없는데 :  You know what? The windows aren’t working right. I can’t get them open

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 창문 좀 열어 줘. (to younger people or friends)
- 창문 좀 열어 줘라. (to younger people or friends)
- 창문 좀 열어 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

- 창문을 좀 내려 줘. (to younger people or friends)
- 창문을 좀 내려 줘라. (to younger people or friends)
- 창문을 좀 내려 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

- 창문을 조금 내려 줘. (to younger people or friends)
- 창문을 조금 내려 줘라. (to younger people or friends)
- 창문을 조금 내려 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 창문 좀 열어 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 창문 좀 열어 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 창문을 좀 내려 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 창문을 좀 내려 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 창문을 조금 내려 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 창문을 조금 내려 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 창문 좀 열어 주실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문 좀 열어 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문 좀 열어 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문 좀 열어 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문 좀 열어 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 창문 좀 열어 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문 좀 열어 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문 좀 열어 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 창문을 좀 내려 주실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 좀 내려 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 좀 내려 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 좀 내려 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 좀 내려 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 창문을 좀 내려 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 좀 내려 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 좀 내려 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 창문을 조금 내려 주실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 조금 내려 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 조금 내려 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 조금 내려 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 조금 내려 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 창문을 조금 내려 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 조금 내려 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 조금 내려 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 창문 : [窓門] [=창(窓] window
* -을 : a particle makes 창문 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this can be omitted

* 좀 : (1) a short form of 조금(a little bit) (2) please (when this used with 주다)

* 조금 : this has the meaning of "a little bit". that is to say this don't have the meaning of "please"

* 열다 : [ㄹ 불규칙] open
* 열리다 : [ㄹ 불규칙] passive form of 열다 by '-리-'; '-리-' is changed from '-이-' for easy pronunciation according to the the stem of a verb ends in a vowel or a consonant

* 연다 : present tense of 열다 by ‘-ㄴ’; -ㄹ erased because '-ㄴ' should be appended to 여
* 열린다 : present tense of 열리다 by '-ㄴ'

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence; so this verb has the meaning of "please"

* 열어 주다 : 열(the stem of 열다) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs) + -주다(make an effort)

* 열어 주다 : do an effort to open a window
* 창문을 조금 열다 : crack the window

* 내리다 : (1) get off (from a transportation vehicle) (2) fall (down) (3) [짐(luggage)] unload (4) [셔터·커튼 등(Shutters, curtains, etc)] drop; let fall; let down; [창문•창(window)] roll down
* 내린다 : present tense of 내리다 by ‘-ㄴ’

* 올리다 : [=위로 오르게 하다] raise; lift (up); upraise; elevate; fly; put[get] up; hold up
- 깃발을 올리다 : fly[hoist] a flag
- 올려놓다 : put (up)on
* 올린다 : present tense of 올리다 by ‘-ㄴ’

* 창문을 내리다/올리다 : roll down / up

* 내려 주다 : 내리(the stem of 내리다) + -여(a connection suffix between two verbs) + -주다(make an effort)

* 내려 주다 : (1) do an effort to unload (2) do an effort to let down (3) do an effort to roll down

* 줘 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")
* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"
* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”

* 두통 : [頭痛] (a) headache
- 편두통 : (a) migraine (headache)
- 머리가 깨질 것 같은 두통 : a splitting headache
- 잠을 자서[산책하여] 두통을 고치다 : sleep[walk] off the headache
- 조금[몹시] 두통이 난다 : I have a slight[bad] headache
- 그는 두통이 잘 일어난다 : He is subject to headaches.▷ 두통약 a headache specific

* 나다 : (1) come out; spring out (2) occur; happen
* 난다 : present tense of 나다 by '-ㄴ'

* 나서요 : 나(the stem of 나다: 나 + -아 contracted intl 나) + -아서/-어서/-여서(because of) + -요(an homourific ending suffix)

* 어쩌다 / 어찌하다 / 어떻게 하다 : do what to do
- 어찌해야 할지를 모르다 : do not know what to do
- 어찌하여 내 마음을 이렇게 몰라줍니까? : Why can't you see my heart for you?

* 어쩌죠? : a short form of 어쩌지요?; -지 + -요? contracted into -죠?

* 어쩌지요 : 어쩌(the stem of 어쩌다) + -지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 어쩐다! : 어쩌(the stem of 어쩌다) + -ㄴ다(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 어쩝니까? : 어쩌(the stem of 어쩌다) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific question verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 창문 : [窓門] [=창(窓] window
* -이 : a particle makes 창문 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 제대로 : (1) as it is; as it should (2) as one please; in one's own way (3) intact; untouched; smoothly; without a hitch; in orderly fashion; in the right direction in the sentence

* 작동 : [作動] [Pronunciatio: 작똥] operation; working; running
* -을 : a particle makes 작동 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 안 : this is eqaul to "not" in English

* 하다 : do

* 작동을 하다 = 작동하다 : operate
* 작동을 안 하다 = 작동을 하지 않다 : don't operate

* 작동하다 = 작동을 하다 : run; work; operate
- 기계가 작동하는 소리 : the (operating) noise of a machine
- 자동차의 엔진이 작동하지 않는다 : The car engine is not running
- 스프링클러 설비는 발화와 동시에 작동했다 : The sprinkler system began to function[work] as soon as the fire started

* 작동되다 : passive form of 작동하다
- 이 기계는 전력으로 작동된다 : This machine is run[works] by electricity

* 작동시키다 : make something work/run/operate
- 그는 엔진을 작동시켰다 : He started the engine

* -이 : a particle makes 작동 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant; -이 / -가 used before 되다 verb
* -을 : a particle makes 작동 objective after a word ends in a consonant; -을 used before 하다 verb or 안 하다 phrase

* 되지 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -지(a connection suffix is used before an interrogative word)
* 하지 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -지(a connection suffix is used before an interrogative word)

* 않다 : [Pronunciation: 안타] be not; never
* 않는다 : present form of 않다 by '-는-'
* 않았다 : past tense of 않다 by '-았-'

* 않습니다 : 않(the stem of 않다) + 스-(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 해서 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -아서/-어서/-여서(because of)

* 열 : 열(the stem of 열; 열 + -ㄹ contracted into 열) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 수 : a way; a method

* -가 : a particle makes 열 수 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* (-이/-가) 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be not ; noe exist; there is[are] not (2) don't have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 없다] be unable to do

* 없는데요 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -는데(A sentence-final ending used to say something while anticipating the listener's response; A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer; A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
Posted by at No comments:

Let's learn about "운전 중에 졸지 마세요"

운전 중에 졸지 마세요 : Please don’t nod off at the wheel; Don’t fall asleep while driving; You’d better not doze off while at the wheel; Don’t fall asleep on the wheel.

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 운전 중에 졸지 마. (to younger people or friends)
- 운전 중에 졸지 마라. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 운전 중에 졸지 마요. (honourific by '요')
- 운전 중에 졸지 말아요. (honourific by '요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 운전 중에 조시지 마세요. (more honourific by '시')
- 운전 중에 조시지 마셔요. (more honourific by '시')
- 운전 중에 조시지 마십시오. (formal; more honourific by '시')

[explanations]
* 운전 : [運轉] driving; running; operation

* 중 : [中] (1) [=…가운데] in; between; among; amidst; of; out of (2) [=…동안에] during; in (the course of); throughout; while; for (3) [=진행중] under; in process[course] of; be in the middle of ..ing
* -에 : a time suffix "in; during"

* 졸다 : doze off; nod off
* 조시다 : an honourific form of 졸다 by '-시-'; -ㄹ of 졸다 erased before '-시-'

* 졸지 : 졸(the stem of 졸다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 조시지 : 조시(the stem of 조시다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not

* 마: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아; 마 and 아 contracted 마) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 마라: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아) + -아라(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 마십시오 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -시오(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’)
* 마시겠어요 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -어요(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘요’)

* a verb + -아 / -아라 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ "
* a verb + -아 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -십시오 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’ / '-요'
Posted by at No comments:

2024-09-26

Let's learn about "저는 항상 안전 운전을 해요"

저는 항상 안전 운전을 해요 : I always drive carefully; I’m a safe driver: I try to drive safely.

ex)

A. 운전 조심하세요. 비가 꽤 심하게 내려서 시야가 안 좋아요 : Be careful driving. It’s raining pretty hard and the visibility is not so good.

B. 걱정 마세요. 저는 언제나 조심스럽게 운전하죠 : Don’t worry, I always drive carefully

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 나는 항상 안전 운전을 한다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나는 항상 안전 운전을 하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 나는 항상 안전 운전을 하는데. (to younger people or friends)
- 나는 항상 안전 운전을 해. (to younger people or friends)

- 나는 항상 안전 운전한다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나는 항상 안전 운전하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 나는 항상 안전 운전하는데. (to younger people or friends)
- 나는 항상 안전 운전해. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 저는 항상 안전 운전을 하네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 저는 항상 안전 운전을 하는데요. (honourific by '-요')
- 저는 항상 안전 운전을 해요. (honourific by '-요')
- 저는 항상 안전 운전을 합니다.. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

- 저는 항상 안전 운전하네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 저는 항상 안전 운전하는데요. (honourific by '-요')
- 저는 항상 안전 운전해요. (honourific by '-요')
- 저는 항상 안전 운전합니다.. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

* [Memo]
* Extreme honorifics(극존칭) are not used when the subject(주어) is not a person(사람). In other words, extreme honorifics(극존칭) are used only when the subject(주어) is a person(사람) :  주어가 사람이 아닌 경우는 극존칭을 사용하지 않는다. 즉, 주어가 사람인 경우에만 극존칭을 사용한다

[explanations]
* 난 : a short form of 나는
* 전 : a short form of 저는
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 항상 = 언제나 : always

* 안전 : [安全] safety; security; freedom from danger
- 안전을 위해 : for safety's sake

* 운전 : [運轉] driving; running; operation
* -을 : a particle makes 운전 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 하다 : do

* 운전하다 = 운전(을) 하다 : drive; run; operate
* a noun + 을/를 하다 : this can be made into "a noun + 하다" verb

* 하는데 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -는데/-ㄴ데(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 해요 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 합니다 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -ㅂ contracted into 합) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix by '-요'
* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

* 운전 : [運轉] driving; running; operation
* -을 : a particle makes 운전 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 조심 : heed; care; carefulness; caution; precaution; guard; prudence; discretion; circumspection; wariness
* 조심스런 / 조심하는 : carefull
* 조심하다 : take care of
* 조심스럽게 : an adverb form of 조심하다 by '-스럽게'

* 조심하세요 : 조심하(the stem of 조심하다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 비 : rain
* -가 : a particle makes 비 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 꽤 : [=제법] quite; pretty; rather; fairly; considerably; [=비교적] comparatively; relatively; [=생각보다 더] beyond one's expectation
- 꽤 먼 거리 : a good distance
- 꽤 많은 금액 : a considerable[sizable] sum of money
- 꽤 많은 수입 : a handsome income
- 이 파이는 꽤 맛이 있다 : This pie tastes pretty[rather] good
- 그는 영어를 꽤 잘한다 : He speaks English fairly well
- 우리는 꽤 오랫동안 기다렸다 : We waited for quite a long time

* 심한 : (1) [=지나치다] extreme; excessive; heavy ; [=격렬하다] severe; violent; intense; hard (2) [=잔인하다] cruel; harsh; rough; merciless; heartless; [=난폭하다] outrageous; atrocious; [=부당하다] unjust; unfair
- 심한 통증 : an acute[a severe / a violent] pain
- 심한 바람 : a violent[strong] wind
- 심한 비 : a heavy rain[rainfall]
- 심한 비바람 : a severe[heavy / violent] storm
- 심한 더위[추위] : intense[bitter / severe] heat[cold]
- 심한 손해 : a heavy[stupendous] loss
- 심한 처사 : (a) cruel treatment / (a) cruelty / harsh usage

* 심하다 : a verb form of 심한
* 심하게 : an adverb form of 심하다 by ‘-게‘

* 내리다 : (1) get off (from a transportation vehicle) (2) fall (down) (3) [짐] unload
* 내린다 : present tense of 내리다 by ‘-ㄴ’

* 내려서 : 내리(the stem of 내리다; 리 + -여 contracted into 려) + -어서/-아서/-여서(A connective ending used to indicate a reason or cause: 이유나 근거를 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 시야 : [視野] (1) [시력의 범위] a field[range] of vision; a visual field; one's view; (a field of) view; sight (2) [=식견·사려의 범위] one's mental[intellectual] horizon; outlook
- 시야에 들어오다 : come in sight / come into view / come within the range[sweep]
- 시야를 가리다 : obstruct field of vision
- 시야를 벗어나다[에서 사라지다] : go[get / pass] out of sight / vanish from sight
- 위로 올라감에 따라 시야가 점점 넓어졌다 : As we climbed up, our field of vision[our view] broadened
- 시야가 좁은[넓은] : having a narrow[wide] mental horizon
- 시야가 넓은 사람 : a person with a broad outlook on life
- 시야가 좁은 사람 : a person with a narrow outlook on life / a person who takes a narrow view of things / a person whose mental vision[horizon] is narrow
- 시야를 넓히다 : broaden one's outlook / widen one's mental[intellectual] horizon

* -가 : a particle makes 시야 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 안 : this is equal to "not" in English

* 좋은 : [Pronunciation: 조은] good
* 좋다 : [Ronunciation: 조타] be good
* 좋아하다 : [Pronunciation: 조아하다] like

* 좋아요 : [Pronunciation: 조아요] 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -아(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 걱정 : anxiety; worry; concern; fear
* 걱정하다 : care; be afraid; worry; be concerned
* -을 : a particle makes 걱정 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 걱정하지 : 걱정하(the stem of 걱정하다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance); 걱정하지 often become 걱정 before 말다 verb

* -는 : a suffix emphasizes 걱정하지 phrase

* 걱정(을) 말다 = 걱정하지 말다 : Don't worry about something/someone

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=둘둘 말다]  roll (up)
(2) put (boiled rice) into soup [water]; mix (food) with (water, soup) (3) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease; discontinue; leave off; drop; give up; lay aside; quit; cut out (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not (4) [=끝내다] end up (doing); finally do

* 마세요 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a descripyive verb ending suffix means "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 운전하죠 : a short form of 운전하지요
* 운전하지요 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -지(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
Posted by at No comments:

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;저는 초보 운전자예요&quot;

저는 초보 운전자예요 : I’m a beginner; I’m a student driver; I just started driving; I don’t have much experience driving.

ex)

A. 운전 경력이 어떻게 되나요? : How experienced are you in driving?

B. 이제 시작했어요. 초보 운전자예요 : I just started. I’m a student driver

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 난 초보 운전자다. (to younger people or friends)
- 난 초보 운전자네. (to younger people or friends)
- 난 초보 운전자야. (to younger people or friends)
- 난 초보 운전자인데. (to younger people or friends)
- 난 초보 운전잔데. (to younger people or friends; 운전잔데 is a short form of 운전자인데)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 전 초보 운전자네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전 초보 운전자예요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전 초보 운전자인데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전 초보 운전잔데요. (honourific by ‘-요’; 운전잔데요 iis a short form of 운전자인데요)
- 전 초보 운전자입니다. (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)

* [Memo]
* Extreme honorifics(극존칭) are not used when the subject(주어) is not a person(사람). In other words, extreme honorifics(극존칭) are used only when the subject(주어) is a person(사람) :  주어가 사람이 아닌 경우는 극존칭을 사용하지 않는다. 즉, 주어가 사람인 경우에만 극존칭을 사용한다

[explanations]
* 난 : a short form of 나는
* 전 : a short form of 저는
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 초보 : [初步] the first step ; the rudiments ; the elements ; the ABC ; a beginners course
- 초보의 = 초보적인 : rudimentary / elementary

* 운전 : [運轉] driving; running; operation
* -을 : a particle makes 운전 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this can be omittable

* 운전자 : [運轉者] a driver <-- 운전(driving) + 자(a person)

* 이다 : be

* -입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a noun + -(이)다 / -(이)네 / -(이)야 / -(이)ㄴ데 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다
* a noun + -(이)네 / (이)ㄴ데+ -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a noun + -이에요 / -예요 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ'

* -이에요 : this is used after a word ends in a consonant
ex) 생각뿐이에요 : I think of you only
* -예요 : : this is used after a word ends in a vowel
ex) 바다예요 : this is the sea

* 경력 : [經歷] one's (past) career[record]; one's life[personal] history; a career record; personal experiences; antecedents
* -이 : a particle makes 운전 경력 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 어떻다 : [Pronunciation: 어떧타] be how
* 어떻게 : [Pronunciarion: 어떠케] (1) [=어찌] how; in what way[manner]; by what means (2) [=몹시] how (much); what; so; to what extent (3) [=어떻게든] anyway; anyhow (4) [=무엇] what
- 어떻게 지내십니까 : How are you?
- 그 영화를 어떻게 생각하십니까 : How did you like that movie?
- 어떻게 감사를 드려야 할지 모르겠습니다 : I don't know how to express my gratitude
- 저 문제를 어떻게 생각하느냐? : What do you think about that affair?
- 당신을 만나 어떻게 기쁜지 모르겠다 = 당신을 만나 얼마나 기쁜지 모르겠다 : I'm so glad to see you!
- 그는 어떻게나 고통이 심한지 잠도 못 잔다 =그는 진짜 고통이 심한지 잠도 못 잔다 : He suffers to such a degree that he can't sleep
- 이 소란을 어떻게 좀 해주시오 : Do something about this racket

* 되다 : (1) become (2) [In interrogative with -어도 / -여도] Could ~;  Can ~ (3) [as the form of 어떻게 되다] be; become

* 되나요? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -나?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 이제 : now
- 이제 막 : just now

* 시작 : [始作] (1) [=개시·착수] the beginning; the start; the opening; the commencement; the outset (2) [=처음] origin; beginning
- 서기의 시작 : the beginning of the Christian Era
* 시작하다 : originate ; have origin[rise] ; arise ; begin: start

* 시작 : [詩作] poem writing
-  시작하다 : write[compose] poems

* 시작 : [試作]1 (1) [=제작] trial manufacture[production] (2) trial planting; trial growing (3) (about artwork) a study; an etude
- 시작하다 : (1) manufacture[produce] by way of trial[experiment]; make on an experimental basis (2) grow[cultivate / raise] by way of trial[experiment].. (3) write[compose / sculpture] as an experiment
- 시작품 a trial product; an article[equipment] made on a experimental basis

* 시작했다 : past tense of 시작하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 시작했어요 : 시작했(the stem of 시작했다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
Posted by at No comments:

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;운전 잘해요?&quot;

운전 잘해요? : Are you a good driver?; Do you drive well?; Are you a careful driver?

ex)

A. 운전 잘해요? : Are you a good driver?

B. 운전 잘 못해요 : I am a bad driver

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 운전 잘하니? (to the younger people or friendly)
- 운전 잘하나? (to the younger people or friendly)
- 운전 잘하냐? (to the younger people or friendly)
- 운전 잘하는지? (to the younger people or friendly)
- 운전 잘하는가? (to the younger people or friendly)
- 운전 잘해? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 난 운전을 잘 못한다. (to younger people or friends)
- 난 운전을 잘 못하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 난 운전을 잘 못해. (to younger people or friends)
- 난 운전을 잘 못하는데. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 운전 잘하는지요? (honourific by '-요')
- 운전 잘하는가요? (honourific by '-요')
- 운전 잘해요? (honourific by '-요')

- 전 운전을 잘 못하네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전 운전을 잘 못해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전 운전을 잘 못하는데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전 운전을 잘 못합니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 운전 잘하세요? (more honourific by '시-')
- 운전 잘하셔요? (more honourific by '시-')
- 운전 잘하시나요? (more honourific by '시-')
- 운전 잘하시는지요? (more honourific by '시-')
- 운전 잘하시는가요? (more honourific by '시-')
- 운전 잘하십니까? (more honourific by '시-')

[explanations]
* 너 : you (non-honourific word)
* 언니 : a woman is a little older than you
* -는 : a particle makes 너 / 언니 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 운전 : [運轉] driving; running; operation
* -을 : a particle makes 운전 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this can be omittable

* 하다 : do

* 운전하다 = 운전(을) 하다 : drive; run; operate
* a noun + 을/를 하다 : this can be made into "a noun + 하다" verb

* 잘하다 : do well <-- 잘(well) + 하다(do)

* 잘해? : 잘하(the stem of 잘하다; 하 + -어 contracted 해) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix)
* 잘하세요? : 잘하(the stem of 잘하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 잘하셔요? : 잘하(the stem of 잘하다; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 잘하시나요? : 잘하(the stem of 잘하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -나?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 잘하시는가요? : 잘하(the stem of 잘하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -는가?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 잘하시는지요? : 잘하(the stem of 잘하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -는지?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 잘하십니까? : 잘하(the stem of 잘하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix) 

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -는가? / 는지? / -어? / -아? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? / -아? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요? / -셔요? / -시나요? / -시는지요? / -시는가요? / -십니까? / -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅅ-‘ / ‘-요’

* 나 : I (non-honourific word to younger people or friends)
* 저 : I (honourific word to the elderly)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 난 : a short form of 나는
* 전 : a short form of 저는

* 운전 : driving
* -을 : a particle makes 운전 objective after a word ends in a consonant  

* 잘 : well

* 못하다 : (1) [=수준이 떨어지다] inferior (to) (2) [used as a form of "못해도") at least (3) [=잘하지 못하다] be bad[poor] (at), be weak (in); can’t
- 훨씬 못하다 : fall[be] far beneath (in)
- 그녀를 짝사랑하는 남자가 못해도 다섯 명은 될 것이다 : At least five men have a crush on her
- 저는 노래를 못해요 : I'm a terrible singer

* 못하다 : can’t do
* 못한다 : present tense of 못하다 by '-ㄴ'

* 못하는데요 : 같(the stem of 같다) + -은데/-는데/-ㄴ데(A sentence-final ending used to say something while anticipating the listener's response; A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer; A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 못해 : 못하(the stem of 못하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 못합니다 : 못하(the stem of 못하다; 하 + -ㅂ contracted into 합) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘스’ / ‘-ㅂ’
Posted by at No comments:

2024-09-25

Let's learn about "대신 운전 좀 해 주시겠어요?"-

대신 운전 좀 해 주시겠어요? = 이제 운전 좀 하실래요?: Can you take over the wheel?; Can you drive for me?

ex)

A. 이제 네가 운전 좀 할래? : Can you take over the wheel?

B. 꼭 해야 해? 나도 좀 피곤해서 : Do I have to? I’m kind of tired, too.

A. 피곤하다고? 조수석에 그냥 앉아 있기만 하고선. 여태까지 운전한 사람은 바로 나라고 : You’re tired? You were just sitting in the passenger seat. I was the one who did all the driving

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 대신 운전 좀 해 줘. (to younger people or friends)
- 대신 운전 좀 해 줘라. (to younger people or friends)
- 대신 운전 좀 해 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

- 이제 운전 좀 할래? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 대신 운전 좀 해 줘요. (honourific by '요')
- 대신 운전 좀 해 줄래요. (honourific by '요')

- 이제 운전 좀 할래요? (honourific by '요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 대신 운전 좀 해 주실래요. (more honourific by '시')
- 대신 운전 좀 해 주세요. (more honourific by '시')
- 대신 운전 좀 해 주셔요. (more honourific by '시')
- 대신 운전 좀 해 주십시오. (more honourific by '시')
- 대신 운전 좀 해 주시겠어요. (more honourific by '시')
- 대신 운전 좀 해 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by '시')

- 이제 운전 좀 하실래요? (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]
* 대신 : [代身]1 [=대리·대용] substitution; vicariousness; [=대용품·대리인] a substitute; a sub; [=대리인] a deputy; a proxy; an alternate; [=교대자] a relief
- … 대신에 : in place of / instead of / for / in substitute for / in lieu of / on[in] behalf of / in the name of / as (a) substitute for / in the room of

* 대신하다 : take the place of; act as a substitute; take place; be substituted ; [=교대하다] relieve
- 좀 대신해 주게 : Just take my place, will you?

* 대신 운전하다 = 대신하여/대신해서 운전하다 : take over the wheel

* 운전 : [運轉] driving; running; operation
* -을 : a particle makes 운전 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 하다 : do

* 운전하다 = 운전(을) 하다 : drive; run; operate
* a noun + 을/를 하다 : this can be made into "a noun + 하다" verb

* 운전해 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 운전(을) 좀 해 : 운전(을) + 좀 + 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence
* 준다 : present form of 주다 by '-ㄴ'
* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 / -어 드리다 / -아 드리다 / -여 드리다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 운전해 주다 = 운전해 드리다 = 운전(을) 해 주다 = 운전(을) 해 드리다 : do an effort to drive with please nuance to others

* 좀 word used as the meaning of "Please". a 하다-pattern verb should be used as "a noun + 좀 + 하다". therefore 운전하다 should be replaced by "운전(을) + 좀 + 하다" pattern

* 줘 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")
* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"
* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”

* 이제 : now
- 이제 막 : just now

* 니 / 네 : you (non-honourific word to the younger people or friend)
* -가 : a particle makes 니 / 네 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* In Korean, this above 니 / 네 shouldn't be used to the older people or the elderly. a title like "선생님 / 샘 / 교수님" and so on should be used to to the older people or the elderly

* 좀 : a little with "please" meaing; this is a short form of 조금(a bit; a little), but 조금 can't used as the meaning of "please"

* 할래? : 하다(the stem of 하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래?(a non-honourific propositive and interrogative verb ending suffix means "Do you mind if ~")

* 할래요? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래?(a propositive and interrogative verb ending suffix means "Do you mind if ~") + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 하실래요? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래?(a propositive and interrogative verb ending suffix means "Do you mind if ~") + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* a verb + -래?  a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -래? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -실래요? : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix

* 꼭 : (1) [=단단히] firmly; tightly; fast; close(ly) (2) [=틀림없이] certainly; surely; undoubtedly; at any cost; on all accounts; in any case; by all means; by hook or by crook; without fail; always (3) [=정각에•제시간에] exactly; precisely; punctually; sharp; just; to the minute
- 꼭 들러 주십시오 : Please drop in by all means. / Do come and see me
- 오시기 전에 꼭 전화를 걸어 주십시오 : Please be sure to telephone us before you come
- 이것은 내가 꼭 읽고 싶었던 책이다 : This is the book I wanted so badly[so much] to read

* 하다 : do
* 해야 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into -어) + -아야/-어야/-여야(have to)

* 하다 : do
* -아야/-어야/-여야 하다 : have to do

* 해? : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 해야 해? : Do I have to do?

* 나 : I (non-honourific word to the younger people or friend)
* 저 : I (honourific word to the elder people or the elderly)
* -가 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* -도 : too; also; this is used instead of -가(a subjective particle)

* 좀 : a short form of 조금(a little; a bit)

* 피곤[疲困] : [몸(body)•마음(mind)] fatigue; weariness; exhaustion; tiredness
* 피곤하다 : be tired; be weary; be fatigued; be exhausted
* 피곤한 : tired; weary; fatigued; exhausted
* 피곤하게 : an adverb form of 피곤한 by '-게'
- 너 참 날 피곤하게 만든다 : You're making me tired

* 피곤해 : 피곤하(the stem of 피곤하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 피곤합니다 : 피곤하(the stem of 피곤하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 피곤해서 : 피곤하(the stem of 피곤하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어서/-아서/-여서(because of)

* 하기(가) 싫다 : this phrase omitted

* 하기 : a noun form of 하다 by '-기'
* -가 : a particle makes 하기 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 싫다 : [Pronunciation: 실타] dislike; hate

* 피곤하다고요? : 피곤하(the stem of 피곤하다) + -다고?(A sentence-final ending used to ask again about a fact that one heard and confirm it: 들은 사실을 되물으면서 확인함을 나타내는 종결 어미)! + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 조수석 : passenger seat
* 운전석 : driver’s seat
* -에 : a place suffix means "at/in/on"

* 그냥 : (1) [=그대로] as it is; as it stands; intact; in the same way as before; still (2) [=줄곧•계속해서] all the time[way]; (all) through; throughout; continuously (3) [=단지] just; only
- 단지 (조용히) 그냥 앉아 있다 : I'm just sitting quietly

* 앉다 : [Pronunciation: 안따] seat
* 앉으시다 : [Pronunciation: 안즈시다] an honourific form of 앉다 by '-으시-'

* 앉다 : [Pronunciation: 안따] sit[squat] down; take[have] a seat; seat oneself; [앉아 있다] sit; be seated
- 의자에 앉다 : sit down on[in] a chair
- 책상에 앉다 : sit at one's desk
- 벤치에 앉다 : sit on a bench
- 편히 앉다 : sit at one's ease / make oneself comfortable[at home]
- 털썩 앉다 : plump[plunk] oneself down

* 앉아 : [Pronunciation: 안자] 앉(the stem of 앉다) + -아(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do

* -아/-어/-여 있다 : already done and keep …ing
* -고 있다 : be …ing; be in the middle of doing

* 있기 : [Pronunciation: 읻끼] a noun form of 있다 by '-기'

* -만 : only

* the stem of a verb + -기만 하다 : be just ...ing

* 하고선 : a short form of 하고서는
* 하고서는 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -고서는(An expression used to emphasize that the preceding statement comes before the following statement, or the preceding statement caused the following incident: 앞에 오는 말이 뒤에 오는 말보다 앞서 일어났거나 뒤에 오는 말의 이유나 원인이 되었음을 강조하여 나타내는 표현)

* 여태 = 여때까지 = 지금에 이르기까지 = 이때까지 : till[by] now; until[up to] now[the present]; up[down] to date; hitherto; so[thus] far; to[by] this time; yet <-- 여태(this time; now) + 까지(until)
- 여태 없었던 사건 : an unprecedented event
- 여태 사람에게 알려지지 않은 비밀 : a secret hitherto unknown to people
- 여태 그녀에게서 소식[편지]이 없었다 : I haven't heard from her yet
- 여태 이렇게 어려운 고비를 당한 적이 없다 : I have never had such a trying time in my lifé

* 운전한 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다; 하 + -ㄴ contracted into 한) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 사람 : human being; person (non-honourific word to the younger people or friend)
* 분 : human being; person (honourific word to the elder people or the elderly)

* -은 : a particle makes 운전한 사람 / 운전한 분 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 바로 : (1) [=즉시•곧] right away (2) [=곧장] straight; directly (3) [=꼭·정확히] just; right; precisely; exactly; [=확실히] surely; certainly; [=정말로] really; truly; [=불과] only; but; [=의심할 바 없이] beyond any doubt[question]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word to the younger people or friend)
* 저 : I (honourific word to the elder people or the elderly)

* -라고 : a connective suffix - (1) An expression used to pass along what the speaker heard from another person, or to present the subject's thoughts, opinions, etc: 다른 사람에게서 들은 내용을 간접적으로 전달하거나 주어의 생각, 의견 등을 나타내는 표현 (2) An expression used to indirectly convey the order, recommendation, etc., heard from another person: 다른 사람에게 들은 명령이나 권유 등의 내용을 간접적으로 전할 때 쓰는 표현

* -라구 : a strong expression of -라고 by using a positive pronunciation "-구“ instead of a negative pronunciation “-고”

* -라고요 / -라구요 : these are used to the elder people or the elderly to show one's honourific attitude
Posted by at No comments:

Let's learn about "운전할래요?"

운전할래요? : Do you mind if you drive?; Do you mind driving?; Want to drive?

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 운전할래? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 운전할래요? (honourific by '요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 운전하실래요? (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]
* 운전 : [運轉] driving; running; operation
* 운전하다 : drive; run; operate

* 운전할래? : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래?(a non-honourific propositive and interrogative verb ending suffix means "Do you mind if ~")

* 운전할래요? : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래?(a propositive and interrogative verb ending suffix means "Do you mind if ~") + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 운전하실래요? : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래?(a propositive and interrogative verb ending suffix means "Do you mind if ~") + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* a verb + -래?  a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -래? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -실래요? : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix
Posted by at No comments:

Let&amp;#39;s learn about &amp;quot;교대로 운전해요&amp;quot;

교대로 운전해요 : Let’s take turns driving; Why don’t I take over?; It’ll be better if I took over the (steering) wheel; Let me get behind the wheel

* 교대로 하다 : take turns
* 인계받다, 대신하다 : take over
* 대신 운전하다 : take over the wheel
* 핸들을 잡다, 운전하다 : get / be behind the wheel

 ex)

A. 열 시간이나 더 가야 해. 아, 정말 운전하는 거 싫다! : We’ve got 10 more hours to go. Boy, do I hate driving!

B. 그럼 교대로 운전하자 : Let’s take turns driving then.

A. 고마워. 그 얘기 언제 하나 했네 : Thank you. I thought you’d never ask

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 교대로 운전하자. (to younger people or friends)
- 교대로 운전해. (to younger people or friends)
- 교대로 운전하지. (to younger people or friends)
- 교대로 운전할래? (to younger people or friends)
- 교대로 운전할까? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 교대로 운전해요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 교대로 운전하지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 교대로 운전하죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 교대로 운전할래요? (honourific by '요')
- 교대로 운전할까요? (honourific by '요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 교대로 운전하시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 교대로 운전하시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 교대로 운전합시다. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 교대로 운전하실래요? (more honourific by '시')
- 교대로 운전하실까요? (more honourific by '시')
- 교대로 운전하시겠어요? (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 교대로 운전하시겠습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 교대 : [交代] [=교체] (an) alternation; (a) change; [직무(duty)] relief; [근무 시간(working hours)] a shift.
- 심야 교대 : a midnight shift
- 주야 교대 : a day and night shift

* 교대하다 : [=교대로 하다] take turns; take one's turn ; [=교대하다] relieve ; alternate ; rotate; [=대신하다] take another's place; [보초(guard; sentry; sentinel)] change[relieve] ; [상호간(interchangeably)] interchange
- 나는 그와 교대했다 : I took his place. / I relieved him. / I took over from him
- 당직은 4시간마다 교대한다 : The watches are alternated[changed] every four hours

* 교대로 : in turn / by turns / alternately
- 교대로 말하다 : speak one after the other[another] / speak in turn[by turns / alternately]
- 교대로 하다 : take turns; do one after the other[another] / do in turn[by turns / alternately]
- 교대로 감시하다 : keep watch by turns

* 운전 : [運轉] driving; running; operation
* 운전하다 : drive; run; operate

* 운전하자 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -자(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 운전하지 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -지(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 운전해 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 운전할래? : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래?(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 운전할까? : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 운전해요 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 운전하지요 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다)  + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 운전할래요?: 운전하(the stem of 운전하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래?(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)
* 운전할까요? : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 운전합시다 : 운전하(the stem of  하다; 하 + -ㅂ contracted into 합) + -ㅂ시다(a propositive honourific verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* 운전하시지요 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 운전하실래요?: 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)+ -래?(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)
* 운전하실까요? : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 운전하십시다 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ시다(a propositive honourific verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 운전하시겠어요 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 운전하시겠습니까 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -자 / -어 / -지 / -ㄹ래 / -ㄹ까 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~"
* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 / -ㄹ까 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -ㅂ시다 / -십시다 / -실래요 / -실까요 / -시지요 / -시죠 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까? : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~" by '-요' / '-ㅂ' / '-ㅅ-'

* 인계 : [引繼] a transfer ; turning[handling] over
- 사무 인계가 끝났다 Transfer of business has been completed

* 인계하다 = 인계를 하다 : transfer ; take[hand] over
- 후임자에게 사무를 인계하다 : transfer[hand over] one's business to one's successor

* 인계받다 = 인계를 받다 : take over
- 선임자로부터 사무를 인계받다 take over one's duties from one's predecessor
- 그는 홍 씨의 일을 인계받기로 되어 있다 : He is supposed to take over Mr. Hong's job

* 대신 : [代身]1 [=대리·대용] substitution; vicariousness; [=대용품·대리인] a substitute; a sub; [=대리인] a deputy; a proxy; an alternate; [=교대자] a relief
- … 대신에 : in place of / instead of / for / in substitute for / in lieu of / on[in] behalf of / in the name of / as (a) substitute for / in the room of
- 가는 대신에 : instead of going
- 대신으로 : as a substitute
- 쌀 대신에 먹는 식량 : a substitute for rice
- …의 대신이 되다 : serve as[for] ‥ / do duty for ‥
- 버터 대신에 마가린을 쓰다 substitute butter by margarine / substitute margarine for butter
- 남 대신에 투표하다 : vote in the name of another

* 대신하다 : take the place of; act as a substitute; take place; be substituted ; [=교대하다] relieve
- 일동을 대신하여 = 일동을 대신해서 = 일동을 대신하여서 : on behalf of the company
- 내 아들이 나를 대신할 것이다 : My son shall be my proxy
- 형이 아버지를 대신했다 : My brother took our father's place
- 좀 대신해 주게 : Just take my place, will you?
- 기계가 반드시 인력을 대신할 수 있는 것은 아니다 : Machinery cannot always take the place of human labor
- 협회를 대신해서 인사 말씀을 드리겠습니다 : Allow me to say a few words on behalf of the association
- 아버님을 대신하여 인사 말씀을 올리겠습니다 : Allow me to say a few words of greeting on behalf of my father
- 나는 그를 대신해서 책임을 질 생각이다 : I intend to take the blame for[in place of] him
- 서면으로 인사를 대신하겠습니다 : Please allow me to send you a letter instead of[in place of] paying you a visit

* 대신 운전하다 = 대신하여/대신해서 운전하다 : take over the wheel

* 핸들 :  a handle; [자전거] a handlebar; [자동차(car)] a steering wheel; [도어(door)] a doorknob
- 오른[왼]쪽 핸들의 자동차 : a car with right-hand[left-hand] drive / a right-hand[left-hand] drive car
- 핸들을 우[좌]로 돌리다[꺾다] : wheel right[left]

* -을 : a particle makes 핸들 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 잡다 : [Pronunciation: 잡따] (1) [=손으로 쥐다] grasp; clasp; grip; seize; hold; take hold of (2) [=체포하다] arrest; make an arrest; catch; nab (3) [=포획하다] catch; capture; seize (4) [=만류하다] keep; prevent from going[leaving] (5) [=자동차를 세우다] pick up; take; get
- 남의 손을 잡다 : grasp a person's hand
- 범인을 잡다 : catch[arrest] a criminal
- 족제비를 잡다 : catch a weasel
- 오래 잡아 두지는 않겠습니다 : I won't keep you long
- 잡지 마십시오 : Please let me go
- 택시를 잡다 : pick up[take] a taxi
- 나는 역 앞에서 택시를 잡았다 : I got a taxi in front of the station
- 그는 지나가는 택시를 잡았다 : He hailed[flagged down] a cruising taxi

* 잡으시다 : an honourific form of 잡다 by '-으시-'

* 핸들을 잡다 : be[sit] at the wheel / take the wheel 

* 열 : 10

* 시간 : [時間] (1)an hour (2) time

* -이나 : (1) A postpositional particle used to indicate that the amount of something is larger than expected or to emphasize a large amount: 수량이 예상되는 정도를 넘거나 꽤 크거나 많음을 강조하는 조사 (2) A postpositional particle used to make a rough guess at the amount or extent: 수량이나 정도를 대강 짐작할 때 쓰는 조사 (3) A postpositional particle used to indicate that something is not much but of a certain unspecified amount: 많지는 않으나 어느 정도는 됨을 나타내는 조사

* -씩이나 : A postpositional particle used to indicate that the amount of something is larger than expected or to emphasize a large amount: 수량이 예상되는 정도를 넘거나 꽤 크거나 많음을 강조하는 조사
- 10 시간씩이나 : for ten hours or over

* 더 : more

* 가다 : go
* 가야 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -어야/-아야/-여야(have to)

* 하다 : do
* 되다 : become

* -어야/-아야/-여야 하다 = : -어야/-아야/-여야 되다 : have to do; must do

* 해 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 아 : Ah; Oh

* 정말 = 정말로 : [=참으로] truly; really; indeed; [=확실히] certainly; assuredly; surely; to be sure; [=마음속으로부터] heartily; sincerely; [=매우] very; quite; greatly; awfully

* 운전하는 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 거 = 것 : a thing; this makes the preceding verb infinitive in English

* -이 : a particle makes 운전하는 것 subjective after a word ends in a consonant
* -은 : a particle makes 운전하는 것 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* -가 : a particle makes 운전하는 거 subjective after a word ends in a consonant
* -는 : a particle makes 운전하는 거 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 싫다 : [Pronunciation: 실타] dislike; hate

* 그럼 : (1) yes;  yah; yeah; indeed; right; quite so; certainly; of course (2) [=그러면•그렇다면] then

* 그러면 = 그렇다면 = 그럼 := 그러하다면 : if (it is) so; if that is the case; in that case; then; well; well then
- 그럼 내일 오죠 : Well then, I shall come tomorrow
- 그럼 나는 어떻게 해야 하지? : In that case, what shall I do?
- 그럼 담배를 끊는 것이 좋겠다 : Then you may as well give up smoking
- 그럼 내가 거짓말을 하고 있다는 말입니까? : Then do you mean I am lying?

* 고맙다 : be thank you
* 고마운 : thank
* 고마워요 : 고맙(the stem of 고맙다; 맙 changed into 우 before -어) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 고맙습니다 : 고맙(the stem of 고맙다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

[ㅂ 불규칙 (V irregular rule)]

(1) In Korean language, All verbs ending in "-ㅂ다" follow the rules below as "ㅂ 불규칙 동사(ㅂ irregular verb)"(“-ㅂ다”로 끝나는 모든 동사는 “ㅂ 불규칙 동사”로서 아래의 규칙을 따른다)

(2)  the ㅂ of 고맙다 is originally from ㅸ (ㆁ after ㅂ a sign that tells you to weakly pronounce 'ㅂ' and stop right away. (See: https://namu.wiki/w/%ED%9B%88%EB%AF%BC%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%98%20%EC%88%9C%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%8C)

(3) the ㅂ of 고맙다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’. these days  V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation

(4) 고마운: this is from 고마 + ㅂ(V sound consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’; this changed into '우') + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb into an adjective)

(5) 고마워 : 고맙(the stem of 고맙다; ㅂ(V sound) changed into 우) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 그 : that
* 얘기 : (1) [=이야기] a story (2) [=말•말씀] a word
* -를 : a particle makes 그 얘기 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 언제 : when

* 하다 : do

* 얘기하다 = 얘기를 하다 : (1) [=이야기를 하다] tell a story (2) [=말하다•말씀하다] tell; speak; say

* 하나 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -나(A postpositional particle used to indicate that the speaker has little interest in, or casually asks about quotations: 말하는 사람이 인용되는 내용에 별 관심이 없거나 "가벼운 의문"을 나타낼 때 쓰는 조사)

* 했다 : past tense of 하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 했네 : 했(the stem of 했다) + -네(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* XX(를/을) 언제 하나 했다 = 언제 XX하나 했다 : I thought you'd never + XX
Posted by at No comments:

2024-09-24

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;(운전) 조심해요!&quot;

운전(을) 조심해요! : Watch out!; Look out!; Drive safely/carefully; Drive with care; Be careful when you drive

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 운전 조심해. (to younger people or friends)
- 운전 조심해라. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 운전 조심해요. (honourific by ‘요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 운전 조심하세요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 운전 조심하셔요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 운전 조심하시지요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 운전 조심하시죠. (honourific by ‘요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 운전 조심하십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 운전 : [運轉] driving; running; operation
* 운전하다 : drive; run; operate

* -을 : a particle makes 운전 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this had better be omitted

* 조심 : heed; care; carefulness; caution; precaution; guard; prudence; discretion; circumspection; wariness
* 조심스런 / 조심하는 : carefull
* 조심하다 : take care of

* 조심해 : 조심하(the stem of 조심하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please do ~")
* 조심해라 : 조심하(the stem of 조심하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please do ~")
* 조심하세요 : 조심하(the stem of 조심하다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 조심하셔요 : 조심하(the stem of 조심하다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 조심하십시오 : 조심하(the stem of 조심하다)  + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please do ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -시지요 / -시죠 : an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~" by '-시' / '-오' / '-요'
Posted by at No comments:

Let's learn about "좀 빨리 가요"

좀 빨리 가요 : Would you speed up?; Can’t you go any faster?; Pick up the speed/pace; You’re driving too slow; Floor it!

* 속도를 더 내다 : speed up
* 가속 페달을 힘껏 밟다 : floor it

ex)
A. 너무 느리게 운전하는데, 빨리 좀 가요 : You drive like a grandma

B. 네 : Yes

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 좀 빨리 가. (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 빨리 가라. (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 빨리 갈래. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 좀 빨리 가요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 좀 빨리 갈래요. (honourific by ‘요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 좀 빨리 가실래요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 좀 빨리 가세요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 좀 빨리 가셔요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 좀 빨리 가시지요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 좀 빨리 가시죠. (honourific by ‘요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 좀 빨리 가십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 좀 : a short form of 조금(a little with the nuance of "please")

* 빠른 : fast; rapid; this is an adjective form of 빠르다 by '-ㄴ'
* 빠르다 : be fast; be rapid
* 빠르게 : an adverb form of 빠르다 by '-게'
* 빨리 : [=신속히] quickly, fast; [=일찍] early; this is an adverb form of 빠르다 by '-이; 으 of 리 erased before 이
- 그녀는 빨리 먹는 편이다 : She's a fast eater

* 가다 : (1) go (2) [=운전하다] drive

* 가 : 가(a stem of 가다; 가 + -아 contracted into 가) + -아(a non-honourific propositve verb ending suffix means "please do ~")
* 가라 : 가(a stem of 가다; 가 + -아 contracted into 가) + -아라(a non-honourific propositve verb ending suffix means "please do ~")
* 갈래 : 가(the stem of 가다; 가 + -ㄹ contracted into 갈) + -ㄹ래(a little imperative and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~")
* 가실래요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ래(a little imperative and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 가세요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어(a little propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 가셔요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔) + -여(a little propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 가십시오 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~") 
* 가시겠어요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -겠어요(an honourific propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~")
* 가시겠습니까 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -겠(a suffix asks listener's will) + -습니까(an honourific propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~")

* a verb + -어 / -아 / -ㄹ래 / -어라 / -여라 / -아라 : a little imperative and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~"
* a verb + -어 / -아 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -실래요 / -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -시지요 / -시죠 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까: an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~" by '-시' / '-오' / '-요'

* 속도 : [Pronunciation: 속또] [速度] speed; velocity; a pace; (a) rate
* -를 : a particle makes 속도 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 더 : more

* 내다 : (1) come out; spring out (2) [=지불하다] pay for (3) [=운행하다] run; operate

* 가속 : [加速] acceleration; speed-up
- 순간 가속 : lightning acceleration

* 가속하다 : accelerate; speed up
* 페달 : a pedal; a treadle
- 페달을 밟다 : work a pedal[treadle] / pedal

* -을 : a particle makes 가속 페달 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 힘껏 : with all one's strength[might]; with might and main; to the best of one's ability[power] <-- 힘(strength) + -껏(up to the highest point)
- 힘껏 하다 : do one's best[utmost] / do everything in one's power[as one can]
- 힘껏 당기다 : pull with all one's force[strength] / pull with might and main
- 힘껏 싸우다 : fight for all one is worth
- 힘껏 일하다 : work with all one's strength / work at[up to] capacity
- 활을 힘껏 잡아당기다 : draw a bow to the full
- 발을 힘껏 내디디다 : plant one's feet firmly
- 그는 밧줄을 힘껏 끌어당겼다 : He pulled the rope with all his strength[with all his might / with all the strength he could muster]
- 나는 힘껏 일했다 : I worked with all my might

* -껏 : [Pronunciation: 껃] [접미사(prefix)] 일부 명사 뒤에 붙어, ‘그것이 가장 높은 한도에 이르도록’의 뜻을 나타냄: after some nouns, indicating the meaning of 'so that it reaches the highest limit'
- 마음껏 : to one's heart's content
- 정성껏 : with all one's heart
- 힘껏 : with all one's strength
- 소신껏 : with one's conviction; with all my heart

* 밟다 : [Pronunciation: 밥따] [=디디다] step on; tread upon[on] (with the feet); [=짓밟다] trample ; stamp

* 너무 : too much

* 느린 : slow
* 느리다 : a verb form of 느린
* 느리게 : an adverb form of 느린

* 운전 : [運轉] driving; running; operation
* 운전하다 : drive; run; operate

* 운전하는데 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -는데/-ㄴ데(A sentence-final ending used to ask for a certain answer: 일정한 대답을 요구하며 물어보는 뜻을 나타내는 종결 어미)

* 네 : yes; okay
Posted by at No comments:

2024-09-23

Let's learn about "속도 좀 줄이세요"

속도 좀 줄이세요 = 좀 천천히 가요 : Please slow down; Slow down, would you?; Kill your speed; You’re over the speed limit; You’re driving too fast.

* 제한 속도 : speed limit

 ex)

A. 좀 천천히 가 : Hey, slow down, would you?

B. 시속 60킬로미터밖에 안 되는데 : I’m only going 60km/h.

A. 급커브를 돌고 있잖아! : And we’re making a sharp turn!

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 속도 좀 줄여. (to younger people or friends)
- 속도 좀 줄여라. (to younger people or friends)
- 속도 좀 줄일래. (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 천천히 가. (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 천천히 가라. (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 천천히 갈래. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 속도 좀 줄여요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 속도 좀 줄일래요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 좀 천천히 가요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 좀 천천히 갈래요. (honourific by ‘요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 속도 좀 줄이실래요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 속도 좀 줄이세요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 속도 좀 줄이셔요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 속도 좀 줄이시지요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 속도 좀 줄이시죠. (honourific by ‘요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 속도 좀 줄이십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 좀 천천히 가실래요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 좀 천천히 가세요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 좀 천천히 가셔요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 좀 천천히 가시지요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 좀 천천히 가시죠. (honourific by ‘요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 좀 천천히 가십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 속도 : [Pronunciation: 속또] [速度] speed; velocity; a pace; (a) rate
* -를 : a particle makes 속도 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 좀 : a short form of 조금(a little with the nuance of "please"); Koreans often pronounce 쫌 in this sentence

* 줄다 : be shorten
* 줄이다 : [Pronunciation: 주리다] make something short or slow; active verb form of 줄다 by '-이-'

* 줄여 : 줄이(a stem of 줄이다; 이 + -여 contracted into 여) + -여(a non-honourific propositve verb ending suffix means "please do ~")
* 줄여라 : 줄이(a stem of 불이다; 이 + -여 contracted into 여) + -여라(a non-honourific propositve verb ending suffix means "please do ~")
* 줄일래 : 줄이(the stem of 줄이다; 이 + -ㄹ contracted into 일) + -ㄹ래(a little imperative and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~")
* 줄이실래요 : 줄이(the stem of 줄이다) + -이시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -이시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a consonant; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ래(a little imperative and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 줄이세요 : 줄이(the stem of 줄이다) + -이시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -이시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a consonant; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어(a little propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 줄이셔요 : 줄이(the stem of 줄이다) + -이시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -이시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a consonant; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔) + -여(a little propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 줄이십시오 : 줄이(the stem of 줄이다) + -이시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -이시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a consonant; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~") 
* 줄이시겠어요 : 줄이(the stem of 줄이다) + -이시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -이시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a consonant) + -겠어요(an honourific propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~")
* 줄이시겠습니까 : 줄이(the stem of 줄이다) + -이시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -이시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a consonant) + -겠(a suffix asks listener's will) + -습니까(an honourific propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~")

* 좀 : a short form of 조금(a little with the nuance of "please")

* 천천히 : slow

* 가다 : (1) go (2) [=운전하다] drive

* 가 : 가(a stem of 가다; 가 + -아 contracted into 가) + -아(a non-honourific propositve verb ending suffix means "please do ~")
* 가라 : 가(a stem of 가다; 가 + -아 contracted into 가) + -아라(a non-honourific propositve verb ending suffix means "please do ~")
* 갈래 : 가(the stem of 가다; 가 + -ㄹ contracted into 갈) + -ㄹ래(a little imperative and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~")
* 가실래요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ래(a little imperative and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 가세요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어(a little propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 가셔요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔) + -여(a little propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 가십시오 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~") 
* 가시겠어요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -겠어요(an honourific propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~")
* 가시겠습니까 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -시 used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -겠(a suffix asks listener's will) + -습니까(an honourific propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~")

* a verb + -어 / -아 / -ㄹ래 / -어라 / -여라 / -아라 : a little imperative and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~"
* a verb + -어 / -아 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -실래요 / -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -시지요 / -시죠 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까: an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~" by '-시' / '-오' / '-요'

* 제한 : [制限] (a) restriction; (a) restraint; [=한계] a limit; (a) limitation

* 속도 : [Pronunciation: 속또] [速度] speed; velocity; a pace; (a) rate

* 시속 : a short form of 시간(당) 속도 <-- 신(=시간) + 속(=속도)
* 시간당 속도 : speed per time

* 시간 : [時間] (1)an hour (2) time
* 당 : [當] per

* 60킬로미터 : [Pronunciation: 육십킬로미터] 60 km per hour

* 밖 : (1) [=바깥쪽] the outside; [=외부] the exterior; [=옥외] the outdoors; the open (air) (2) [=이외] another; the other; the rest; outside of (a limit); with the exception (3) [=다른] else (4) [=다만 …뿐] only; but; no more than; merely; barely
* -에 : a place suffix

* XX밖에 : only XX

* 60킬로미터밖에 : only 60km/h

* 안 : this is equal to "not" in English

* 되다 : [=…에 이르다] come to

* 안 되다 : (1) don't come to (2) [=어떤 상태/지점/위치에 이르지 못하다] to not reach a state/point/position

* 되는데 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -는데/-ㄴ데(A sentence-final ending used to ask for a certain answer: 일정한 대답을 요구하며 물어보는 뜻을 나타내는 종결 어미)

* 급커브 = 급회전 : sharp turn <-- 급(abrupt) + 커브(curve)

* 급- : (1) [=갑작스러운] sudden, abrupt, unexpected (2) [=매우 급하거나 심한] very urgent or severe
- 급강하 : [急降下] a sudden drop; a swoop; a (nose) dive
- 급회전 : [急回轉] [Pronunciation: 급풰전] sharp turn
- 급경사 : [急傾斜] a steep slope[incline]

* -를 : a particle makes 급커브 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 돌다 : (1) rotate (2) turn
* 돌고 : 돌(the stem of 돌다) + -고(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do
A. 급커브를 돌고 있잖아! : And we’re making a sharp turn!

* -고 있다 : be in the middle of ...; be ...ing

* 있잖아요 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -잖아(this expresses certainty or his insistence to carry one’s point or opinion) + -요(an honourific ending suffix) --> this shows someone's way of talking in a pointed manner(이 말은 따지듯이 말하는 태도를 보여준다)

* -잖아(요) : this expresses certainty or his insistence to carry one’s point or opinion

* About -잖아요 see this site : https://www.howtostudykorean.com/upper-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-4-lessons-84-91/lesson-90/

example) 

(1) -있잖아 / -있잖니 : guess what : I’ll tell you what

(2) 걔가 했다고 했잖아(요) or 그 애가 했다고 내가 분명히 말했다 : I’m sure he did. / I said to you that he did

(3) 내가 확실히 말했잖아요 or 내가 분명히 얘기 했잖아요 : I'm sure I told you
Posted by at No comments:

2024-09-21

아마추어(Amateur) - 이승철(Seung Chul, Lee) in 2013

아마추어(Amateur) - 이승철(Seung Chul, Lee) in 2013


This song was made to encourage everyone to adventure in one's life


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yq0ca9eyd4 (유회승 on Immortal Songs 2 in 2024)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RL06mTlaog (Music Video in 2013: English Subtitle)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yq4-eyqIr-E (Music Video in 2013: English Subtitle)


살며 살아 가는 행복

눈을 뜨는 것도 숨이 벅찬것도

고된 하루가 있다는 행복을

나는 왜 몰랐을까


나나 나나 나나 난나나나


아직 모르는게 많아

내세울 것 없는 실수투성이

아직 넘어야 할 산도 많지만

그냥 즐기는거야


아무도 가르쳐 주지 않기에

모두가 처음 서 보기 때문에

우리는 세상이란 무대에선

모두다 같은 아마추어야


나나 나나 나나 나나 나나나


지쳐 걸어갈 수 있고

아이 눈을 보며 웃을 수 있고

조금 뒤쳐져도 상관없잖아

그냥 즐기는거야


아무도 가르쳐 주지 않기에

모두가 처음 서보기 때문에

우리는 세상이란 무대에선

모두다 같은 아마추어야


어디로 가야할지 몰라서

길을 찾아 내 꿈을 찾아서

나의 길을 가면 언젠가

꿈이 나를 기다리겠지


아무도 가르쳐 주지 않기에

모두가 처음 서보기 때문에

우리는 세상이란 무대에선

모두다 같은 아마추어야


아무도 가르쳐 주지 않기에

모두가 처음 서보기 때문에

우리는 세상이란 무대에선

모두다 같은 아마추어야


When I am dreaming and I have wishes

We will be together in our lives dreams come true.


When I am dreaming and I have wishes

We will be together in our lives dreams come true.


[English Translation]


The happiness of being alive and living

Opening my eyes, getting out of breath

The happiness of having a hard day

Why didn’t I know this?


There’s still so much that I don’t know

I’m filled with mistakes and I have nothing to show

There are still many barriers to overcome

But just enjoy it


* Because no one teaches you how

Because everyone is standing for the first time

On this stage called the world

Everyone is the same, an amateur


You can be tired and walking

You can look into a child’s eyes and smile

Even if it’s a little late, it doesn’t matter

Just enjoy it


* Repeat


Because I don’t know where to go

I will find the way, I will find my dream

When I walk on my path, some day

My dream will be waiting for me


* Repeat (x2)


When I am dreaming and I have wishes

We will be together in our lives dreams come true.

When I am dreaming and I have wishes

We will be together in our lives dreams come true

Posted by at No comments:

2024-09-19

Let&amp;#39;s learn about &amp;quot;안전벨트 매세요&amp;quot;

안전벨트 매세요 : Fasten your seat belt; Put on your seat belt ;Buckle up; You should wear your seat belt.

* 잠그다, 채우다 : fasten

ex)

A. 안전벨트 매. 이제 출발하니까 : Fasten your seat belt. We’re leaving now.

B. 꼭 매야 해? 안전벨트 매기 싫은데 : Do I have to? I hate wearing seat belts.

A. 네 선택이긴 하지만 나중에 후회하고 싶지 않으면 매는 게 좋을 거야 : It’s your choice, but you’d better buckle up if you don’t want to be sorry later

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 안전벨트 매. (to younger people or friends)
- 안전벨트 매라. (to younger people or friends)
- 안전벨트 맬래. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 안전벨트 매요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 안전벨트 맬래요. (honourific by ‘요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 안전벨트 매실래요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 안전벨트 매세요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 안전벨트 매셔요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 안전벨트 매시지요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 안전벨트 매시죠. (honourific by ‘요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 안전벨트 매십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 안전 : [安全] safety; security; freedom from danger
- 안전을 위해 : for safety's sake

* 벨트 : belt

* 안전벨트 : seat belt
* -를 : a particle makes 안전벨트 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 매다 : (1) (넥타이•가방 등을) put on; (2) [=고치다] fix; [=묶다] tie, bind, fasten, knot; [=불필요한 풀 등을 뽑다] weed, removing weeds from the ground

* 매 : 매(a stem of 매; 매 + -어 contracted into 매) + -어(a non-honourific propositve verb ending suffix means "please do ~")
* 매라 : 매(a stem of 매다; 매 + -어 contracted into 매) + -어라(a non-honourific propositve verb ending suffix means "please do ~")
* 맬래 : 매(the stem of 매다) + -ㄹ래(a little imperative and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~")
* 매실래요 : 매(the stem of 매다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ래(a little imperative and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 매세요 : 매(the stem of 매다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a little propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 매셔요 : 매(the stem of 매다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a little propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 매십시오 : 매(the stem of 매다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~") 
* 매시겠어요 : 매(the stem of 매다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠어요(an honourific propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~")
* 매시겠습니까 : 매(the stem of 매다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks listener's will) + -습니까(an honourific propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~")

* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 / -(어)라 : a little imperative and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Would you ~"
* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -실래요 / -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -시지요 / -시죠 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까: an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~" by '-시' / '-오' / '-요'

* 잠그다 : (1) [=자물쇠 등을 잠그다] lock (2) [=묶다] fasten
* 채우다 : (1) [=몸에 차게 하다] make[let / have] wear[put on] (2) [=자물쇠 등을 잠그다•묶다] fasten; lock; [형구(刑具]: an implement of punishmen)]  shackle; fetter (3) [=보충하다] make up for (4) [=가득 차게 하다] fill up (5) [=기한을 채우다] complete one's term of

* 이제 : now
- 이제 막 : just (now) / a moment ago
- 이제는 : now / at the present time / nowadays / [=이미] already

* 출발 : [出發] starting; beginning; departure
* 출발하다 : start; begin
* 출발 안 하다 : doesn’t start; doesn’t begin (안 : not)
* 하다 : do
* 했다 : past tense of 하다 by '-었-'

* 출발하니까 : 출발하(the stem of 출발하다) + -니까/-니까는(A connective ending used to emphasize that the preceding statement is the cause, reason, or premise for the following statement: 뒤에 오는 말에 대하여 앞에 오는 말이 원인이나 근거, 전제가 됨을 강조하여 나타내는 연결 어미)

* -니까요 : 니까(An expression used to indicate that the preceding content is the reason or basis for the speaker's judgment: 앞의 내용이 이유나 판단의 근거임을 나타내는 표현) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 꼭 : (1) [=단단히] firmly; tightly; fast; close(ly) (2) [=틀림없이] certainly; surely; undoubtedly; at any cost; on all accounts; in any case; by all means; by hook or by crook; without fail; always (3) exactly; precisely; punctually; sharp; just; to the minute

* 매야 : 매(the stem of 매다; 매 + -어 contracted into -어) + -아야/-어야/-여야(have to)

* 하다 : do
* -아야/-어야/-여야 하다 : have to do

* 해? : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 매기 : a noun form of 매다 by '-기'
* -가 : a particle makes 매기 complement of the sentence

* 싫다 : [Pronunciation: 실타] dislike; hate
* 싫은데요 : [Pronunciation: 실은데] 싫(the stem of 싫다) + -은데/-ㄴ데(A sentence-final ending used to say something while anticipating the listener's response; A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer; A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 네 / -예 : yes; okay

* 선택 : [選擇] (a) choice; (a) selection; option; selectivity

* 선택이긴 : a short form of 선택이기는
* 선택이기는 : 선택 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -기(a suffix makes a verb a noun) + -는(a particle makes 선택이기 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel)

* 하지만 : ..., but

* 나중 : later
* -에 : a time suffix

* 후회 : [後悔] (a) repentance; (a) regret; penitence; remorse; contrition; compunction
* 후회하다 : repent (of); regret; be sorry ; be penitent[repentant] ; feel regret ; feel remorse
- 후회하여 : with regret / with penitence
- 게을렀던 것을 후회하다 : repent (of) one's idleness
- 죄를 후회하다 : be penitent for one's sin
- 과거의 잘못을 후회하다 : regret one's past mistakes
- 뼈저리게 후회하다 : regret[repent] bitterly

* 후회하고 : 후회하(the stem of 후회하다) + -고(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* -고 싶다 : [Pronunciation: 십따] want to do
* 싶지 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 않다 : [Pronunciation: 안타] be not; never
* 않는다 : present form of 않다 by '-는-'
* 않았다 : past tense of 않다 by '-았-'

* 않으면 : [Pronunciation: 안으면] 않(the stem of 않다) + -으면/-면(if)

* 매는 : 매(the stem of 매다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 거 = 것 : a thing; this makes the preceding verb infinitive in English
* -이 : a particle makes 매는 것 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 좋은 : good
* 좋다 : [Pronunciation: 조타] be good
* 좋았다 : past tense of 좋다 by '-았-'

* 좋을 : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -을(a suffix makes a verb attributive)

* 거야 : a short form of 것이야
 * 것 :  a thing
* -이다 : be
* 것이야 : 것 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -야(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

Posted by at No comments:

Let's learn about "저와 같은 방향이네요"

저와 같은 방향이네요 : You’re going my way; It’s on my way; We’re going the same way; I’m going in that direction; We’re heading in the same direction.

ex)

A. 가는 방향이 같은데, 제가 태워 드릴까요? : We’re going the same way. Why don’t I take you there?

B. 그쪽으로 가시는 길이라면, 좋아요! : If it’s not out of your way, sure!

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 나와 같은 방향이다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나와 같은 방향이네. (to younger people or friends)
- 나와 같은 방향이야. (to younger people or friends)
- 나와 같은 방향이군! (to younger people or friends)
- 나와 같은 방향이구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 나와 같은 방향인데. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 저와 같은 방향이네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 저와 같은 방향이군요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 저와 같은 방향이에요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 저와 같은 방향인데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 저와 같은 방향입니다. (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 저와 같은 방향이십니다. (honourific by ‘-시’)

[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word to the younger people or friend)
* 저 : I (honourific word to the elder people or the elderly)
* -와 : with

* 같다 : [Pronunciation: 갇따] be same; be like
* 같은 : like; 같(the stem of 같다) + -은(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 방향 : [方向] [=향하는 쪽] a direction; bearings; a quarter; a situation; a way; a point of the compass

* 이다 : be

* 방향인데요 : 방향 + -이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㄴ contracted into 인) + -는데/-ㄴ데(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 방향이에요 : 방향 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -에(a declarative verb ending suffix; -어 changed into -에 for easy pronunciation) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 방향입니다 : 방향 + -이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ니다 contracted into 입니다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 방향이십니다 : 방향 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific;  시 + -ㅂ니다 contracted into 십니다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 / -는데 / -ㄴ데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -는데 / -ㄴ데 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -십니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ' / ‘-스-’ / '-시-'

* 가다 : go
* 가는 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* 방향 : [方向] [=향하는 쪽] a direction; bearings; a quarter; a situation; a way; a point of the compass

* 같다 : [Pronunciation: 갇따] (1) be equal to (2) seem; look (3) I think in the sentence

* 같은데요 : 같(the stem of 같다) + -은데/-ㄴ데(A sentence-final ending used to say something while anticipating the listener's response; A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer; A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 내 : I (non-honourific word to the younger people or friend; 
* 제 : I (honourific word to the elder people or the elderly)
* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 제 subjective after a word endd in a vowel

* 타다 : (1) ride (2) get in a taxi; get on a bus (3) burn (4) be sunburn (5) parch (6) climb; go up (6) do skating (7) mix (8) receive; be awarded (9) split (10) be sensitive (11) play on instruments like piano (12) do (diving)

* 태우다 : [=사람·물건을 싣다] carry; take in; take on board; place in a train; pick up; ship ; man ; [=수용하다] accommodate
- 승객을 태우다 : take passengers on board / take in passengers
- 도중에서 승객을 태우다 : pick up passengers
- 말에 태우다 : put[set] on a horse
- 태워 주다 : give a lift[ride] / give a passage / help into / put[place] on

* 태워 : 태우(the stem of 태우다; 우 + -어 contracted into 워) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence
* 준다 : present form of 주다 by '-ㄴ'
* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 / -어 드리다 / -아 드리다 / -여 드리다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 태워 주다 = 태워 드리다 : do an effort to pick up

* 줄까요? : 주(the stem of 주다; 주 + -ㄹ contracted into 줄) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 드릴까요? : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 이 : this
* 그 : that
* 쪽 : direction
* -으로/-로 : to; towards

* 가다 : go
* 가시다 : an honourific form of 가다 by '-시-'

* 가는 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)
* 가시는 : 가시(the stem of 가시다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 길 : road; way
* -이다 : be
* -길이라면 : 길 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -라면(A connective ending used when assuming a certain fact or situation: 어떠한 사실이나 상황을 가정하는 뜻을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 좋은 : good; great
* 좋다 : [Pronunciation: 조타] be good; be great

* 좋아요 : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -아(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
Posted by at No comments:

2024-09-15

질풍가도(Windy Road/Stormy Voyage) - 유영석(Yoo Young Suk) in 2002

질풍가도(Windy Road/Stormy Voyage) - 유영석(Yoo Young Suk) in 2002


This song is Animation "쾌걸근육맨2세" OST


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlwCWUtSS7w (첸 (CHEN) X HYNN (박혜원) in 2024)

https://youtu.be/Iz_lJA2iH7s (OST)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WNfI6Wx41rU (OST English Lyrics)



가사 Lyrics


한 번 더 나에게 질풍 같은 용기를

Give me the courage like the wind once more


거친 파도에도 굴하지 않게 (굴하지 않게)

So that I won’t succumb to the harsh waves (So that I won’t succumb)


드넓은 대지에 다시 새길 희망을

In this vast land, I’ll re-carve hope


안고 달려갈 거야 너에게 (너에게 ×3)

Hold it and run to you (to you x3)


그래 이런 내 모습

Yes, this figure of me


게을러 보이고 우습게도 보일 거야

May look lazy and hilarious


하지만 내게 주어진 무거운 운명에

But I’ll bear the destiny given to me


나는 다시 태어나 싸울 거야

And be reborn and fight


한 번 더 나에게 질풍 같은 용기를

Give me the courage like the wind once more


거친 파도에도 굴하지 않게 (굴하지 않게)

So that I won’t succumb to the harsh waves (So that I won’t succumb)


드넓은 대지에 다시 새길 희망을

In this vast land, I’ll re-carve hope


안고 달려갈 거야 너에게 (너에게 ×3)

Hold it and run to you (to you x3)


세상에 도전하는 게 괴로울 지라도

Even if challenging the world may be painful


함께해 줄 우정을 믿고 있어

I believe in the friendship that will be with me


한 번 더 나에게 질풍 같은 용기를

Give me the courage like the wind once more


거친 파도에도 굴하지 않게 (굴하지 않게)

So that I won’t succumb to the harsh waves (So that I won’t succumb)


드넓은 대지에 다시 새길 희망을

In this vast land, I’ll re-carve hope


안고 달려갈 거야 너에게

Hold it and run to you


한 번 더 나에게 질풍 같은 용기를

Give me the courage like the wind once more


거친 파도에도 굴하지 않게 (굴하지 않게)

So that I won’t succumb to the harsh waves (So that I won’t succumb)


드넓은 대지에 다시 새길 희망을

In this vast land, I’ll re-carve hope


안고 달려갈 거야 너에게 (너에게 ×3)

Hold it and run to you (to you x3)


Posted by at No comments:

2024-09-11

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;태우다&quot;

* 태우다 has the follwing meanings

1) [=불에 타게 하다] burn; put into the fire; set on fire; have[get] burnt down

- 쓰레기를 태우다 : burn rubbish / make a bonfire of rubbish
- 담배를 태우다 = 담배를 피우다 : smoke a cigarette
- 화재로 전 재산을 태우다 : have all one's property burnt in the fire
- 마른 풀을 태워 버리다 : burn off dead grass
- 레이저 광선으로 점을 태워 없애다 : burn off a mole with laser beams
- 태워서 재를 만들다 : reduce to ashes
- 태워 버리다 : burn up[away] / destroy by fire / commit to the flames / incinerate / throw into the fire
- 나는 옛날 편지를 전부 태워 버렸다 : I burned up all the old letters. / I threw all the old letters into the fire
- 그들은 마을의 집들을 깡그리 태워 버렸다 : They set fire to all the houses in the village and burned them down

2) [=그슬리다] burn; scorch; singe; char

- 새까맣게 태우다 : burn a thing black[to a cinder]
- 다리미질을 하다가 와이셔츠를 태우다 : scorch a shirt while ironing it
- 나는 해변에서 살갗을 태우고 왔다 : I got a suntan on the beach
- 하늘을 태울 것만 같은 큰 불이었다 : It was a tremendous fire

3) [시체] cremate; burn (a corpse) to ashes

4) [가슴·속을 태우다] burn ; agonize; worry

- 속을 태우다 : be worried[anxious / agonized / anguished] / burn with anguish
- 애를 태우다 : worry oneself
- 남의 속을 태우다 : make worry / make awfully anxious
- 호기심을 태우다 : be consumed with curiosity / be dying of curiosity
- 연구에 정열을 태우다 : burn with passion[enthusiasm] for one's research

5) [=사람·물건을 싣다] carry; take in; take on board; place in a train; pick up; ship ; man ; [=수용하다] accommodate

- 군인들을 태운 열차 : a train carrying soldiers / a train with soldiers in it
- 승객 백 명을 태울 수 있는 여객기 : an airliner that can accommodate 100 persons / an airliner with a hundred-passenger capacity
- 승객을 태우다 : take passengers on board / take in passengers
- 도중에서 승객을 태우다 : pick up passengers
- 말에 태우다 : put[set] on a horse
- 어린아이를 목말 태우고 가다 : ride[carry] a child on one's shoulders
- 태워 주다 : give a lift[ride] / give a passage / help into / put[place] on
- 나는 그 어린애를 부축하여 스키 리프트에 태워 주었다 : I helped the child (to) get on the ski lift
- 그는 자기 차에 나를 태워 주었다 : He gave me a lift in his car
- 자네를 집까지 태워 주겠다 : I will drive you home
- 그 비행기[배]는 수상과 그 일행을 태우고[탑승시키고] 있었다 : The plane[ship] was carrying the Prime Minister and his party. / The plane[ship] had the Prime Minister and his suite on board
- 그의 어머니를 부산행 열차에 태워 주도록 나는 그에게 부탁을 받았다 : I was asked to put his mother on the train bound for Pusan

6) <비유(metaphoric)> make one excited

- 비행기 태우다 : flatter (immensely / grossly)
- 나를 비행기 태우는구나 : You flatter me immensely
- 너무 비행기 태우지 마라 : Spare my blushes.

7) [=재산·월급 등을 타게 하다] divide ; portion out; apportion

- 재산을 아들들에게 태우다 : divide one's property among one's sons / settle one's property on one's sons

8) [=가르마를 갈라붙이게 하다] have hair parted

- 가르마를 왼쪽에 태우다 : have one's hair parted on the left-hand

9) [=노름이나 내기에서 돈을 지르다] place a bet ; lay ; bet; stake; wager

10) [=맷돌에 갈아 쪼개게 하다] have crushed

- 콩을 맷돌에 태우다 : have crush[grind] peas on a millstone.

11) [연줄(connections)·그네(swing/trapeze)] put[let] in and out

- 연줄을 태우다 = 연줄을 대다 : let the string of a kite in and out.
- 그네를 태우다 : [=앉히다] put[set] on a swing / [=타게 하다] let get on[have] a swing
Posted by at No comments:
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)