교대로 운전해요 : Let’s take turns driving; Why don’t I take over?; It’ll be better if I took over the (steering) wheel; Let me get behind the wheel
* 교대로 하다 : take turns
* 인계받다, 대신하다 : take over
* 대신 운전하다 : take over the wheel
* 핸들을 잡다, 운전하다 : get / be behind the wheel
ex)
A. 열 시간이나 더 가야 해. 아, 정말 운전하는 거 싫다! : We’ve got 10 more hours to go. Boy, do I hate driving!
B. 그럼 교대로 운전하자 : Let’s take turns driving then.
A. 고마워. 그 얘기 언제 하나 했네 : Thank you. I thought you’d never ask
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 교대로 운전하자. (to younger people or friends)
- 교대로 운전해. (to younger people or friends)
- 교대로 운전하지. (to younger people or friends)
- 교대로 운전할래? (to younger people or friends)
- 교대로 운전할까? (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 교대로 운전해요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 교대로 운전하지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 교대로 운전하죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 교대로 운전할래요? (honourific by '요')
- 교대로 운전할까요? (honourific by '요')
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 교대로 운전하시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 교대로 운전하시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 교대로 운전합시다. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 교대로 운전하실래요? (more honourific by '시')
- 교대로 운전하실까요? (more honourific by '시')
- 교대로 운전하시겠어요? (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 교대로 운전하시겠습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
[explanations]
* 교대 : [交代] [=교체] (an) alternation; (a) change; [직무(duty)] relief; [근무 시간(working hours)] a shift.
- 심야 교대 : a midnight shift
- 주야 교대 : a day and night shift
* 교대하다 : [=교대로 하다] take turns; take one's turn ; [=교대하다] relieve ; alternate ; rotate; [=대신하다] take another's place; [보초(guard; sentry; sentinel)] change[relieve] ; [상호간(interchangeably)] interchange
- 나는 그와 교대했다 : I took his place. / I relieved him. / I took over from him
- 당직은 4시간마다 교대한다 : The watches are alternated[changed] every four hours
* 교대로 : in turn / by turns / alternately
- 교대로 말하다 : speak one after the other[another] / speak in turn[by turns / alternately]
- 교대로 하다 : take turns; do one after the other[another] / do in turn[by turns / alternately]
- 교대로 감시하다 : keep watch by turns
* 운전 : [運轉] driving; running; operation
* 운전하다 : drive; run; operate
* 운전하자 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -자(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 운전하지 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -지(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 운전해 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 운전할래? : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래?(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 운전할까? : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 운전해요 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 운전하지요 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 운전할래요?: 운전하(the stem of 운전하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래?(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 운전할까요? : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 운전합시다 : 운전하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -ㅂ contracted into 합) + -ㅂ시다(a propositive honourific verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 운전하시지요 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 운전하실래요?: 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)+ -래?(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 운전하실까요? : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 운전하십시다 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ시다(a propositive honourific verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 운전하시겠어요 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 운전하시겠습니까 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* a verb + -자 / -어 / -지 / -ㄹ래 / -ㄹ까 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~"
* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 / -ㄹ까 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -ㅂ시다 / -십시다 / -실래요 / -실까요 / -시지요 / -시죠 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까? : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~" by '-요' / '-ㅂ' / '-ㅅ-'
* 인계 : [引繼] a transfer ; turning[handling] over
- 사무 인계가 끝났다 Transfer of business has been completed
* 인계하다 = 인계를 하다 : transfer ; take[hand] over
- 후임자에게 사무를 인계하다 : transfer[hand over] one's business to one's successor
* 인계받다 = 인계를 받다 : take over
- 선임자로부터 사무를 인계받다 take over one's duties from one's predecessor
- 그는 홍 씨의 일을 인계받기로 되어 있다 : He is supposed to take over Mr. Hong's job
* 대신 : [代身]1 [=대리·대용] substitution; vicariousness; [=대용품·대리인] a substitute; a sub; [=대리인] a deputy; a proxy; an alternate; [=교대자] a relief
- … 대신에 : in place of / instead of / for / in substitute for / in lieu of / on[in] behalf of / in the name of / as (a) substitute for / in the room of
- 가는 대신에 : instead of going
- 대신으로 : as a substitute
- 쌀 대신에 먹는 식량 : a substitute for rice
- …의 대신이 되다 : serve as[for] ‥ / do duty for ‥
- 버터 대신에 마가린을 쓰다 substitute butter by margarine / substitute margarine for butter
- 남 대신에 투표하다 : vote in the name of another
* 대신하다 : take the place of; act as a substitute; take place; be substituted ; [=교대하다] relieve
- 일동을 대신하여 = 일동을 대신해서 = 일동을 대신하여서 : on behalf of the company
- 내 아들이 나를 대신할 것이다 : My son shall be my proxy
- 형이 아버지를 대신했다 : My brother took our father's place
- 좀 대신해 주게 : Just take my place, will you?
- 기계가 반드시 인력을 대신할 수 있는 것은 아니다 : Machinery cannot always take the place of human labor
- 협회를 대신해서 인사 말씀을 드리겠습니다 : Allow me to say a few words on behalf of the association
- 아버님을 대신하여 인사 말씀을 올리겠습니다 : Allow me to say a few words of greeting on behalf of my father
- 나는 그를 대신해서 책임을 질 생각이다 : I intend to take the blame for[in place of] him
- 서면으로 인사를 대신하겠습니다 : Please allow me to send you a letter instead of[in place of] paying you a visit
* 대신 운전하다 = 대신하여/대신해서 운전하다 : take over the wheel
* 핸들 : a handle; [자전거] a handlebar; [자동차(car)] a steering wheel; [도어(door)] a doorknob
- 오른[왼]쪽 핸들의 자동차 : a car with right-hand[left-hand] drive / a right-hand[left-hand] drive car
- 핸들을 우[좌]로 돌리다[꺾다] : wheel right[left]
* -을 : a particle makes 핸들 objective after a word ends in a consonant
* 잡다 : [Pronunciation: 잡따] (1) [=손으로 쥐다] grasp; clasp; grip; seize; hold; take hold of (2) [=체포하다] arrest; make an arrest; catch; nab (3) [=포획하다] catch; capture; seize (4) [=만류하다] keep; prevent from going[leaving] (5) [=자동차를 세우다] pick up; take; get
- 남의 손을 잡다 : grasp a person's hand
- 범인을 잡다 : catch[arrest] a criminal
- 족제비를 잡다 : catch a weasel
- 오래 잡아 두지는 않겠습니다 : I won't keep you long
- 잡지 마십시오 : Please let me go
- 택시를 잡다 : pick up[take] a taxi
- 나는 역 앞에서 택시를 잡았다 : I got a taxi in front of the station
- 그는 지나가는 택시를 잡았다 : He hailed[flagged down] a cruising taxi
* 잡으시다 : an honourific form of 잡다 by '-으시-'
* 핸들을 잡다 : be[sit] at the wheel / take the wheel
* 열 : 10
* 시간 : [時間] (1)an hour (2) time
* -이나 : (1) A postpositional particle used to indicate that the amount of something is larger than expected or to emphasize a large amount: 수량이 예상되는 정도를 넘거나 꽤 크거나 많음을 강조하는 조사 (2) A postpositional particle used to make a rough guess at the amount or extent: 수량이나 정도를 대강 짐작할 때 쓰는 조사 (3) A postpositional particle used to indicate that something is not much but of a certain unspecified amount: 많지는 않으나 어느 정도는 됨을 나타내는 조사
* -씩이나 : A postpositional particle used to indicate that the amount of something is larger than expected or to emphasize a large amount: 수량이 예상되는 정도를 넘거나 꽤 크거나 많음을 강조하는 조사
- 10 시간씩이나 : for ten hours or over
* 더 : more
* 가다 : go
* 가야 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -어야/-아야/-여야(have to)
* 하다 : do
* 되다 : become
* -어야/-아야/-여야 하다 = : -어야/-아야/-여야 되다 : have to do; must do
* 해 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
* 아 : Ah; Oh
* 정말 = 정말로 : [=참으로] truly; really; indeed; [=확실히] certainly; assuredly; surely; to be sure; [=마음속으로부터] heartily; sincerely; [=매우] very; quite; greatly; awfully
* 운전하는 : 운전하(the stem of 운전하다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)
* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb
* 거 = 것 : a thing; this makes the preceding verb infinitive in English
* -이 : a particle makes 운전하는 것 subjective after a word ends in a consonant
* -은 : a particle makes 운전하는 것 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant
* -가 : a particle makes 운전하는 거 subjective after a word ends in a consonant
* -는 : a particle makes 운전하는 거 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant
* 싫다 : [Pronunciation: 실타] dislike; hate
* 그럼 : (1) yes; yah; yeah; indeed; right; quite so; certainly; of course (2) [=그러면•그렇다면] then
* 그러면 = 그렇다면 = 그럼 := 그러하다면 : if (it is) so; if that is the case; in that case; then; well; well then
- 그럼 내일 오죠 : Well then, I shall come tomorrow
- 그럼 나는 어떻게 해야 하지? : In that case, what shall I do?
- 그럼 담배를 끊는 것이 좋겠다 : Then you may as well give up smoking
- 그럼 내가 거짓말을 하고 있다는 말입니까? : Then do you mean I am lying?
* 고맙다 : be thank you
* 고마운 : thank
* 고마워요 : 고맙(the stem of 고맙다; 맙 changed into 우 before -어) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 고맙습니다 : 고맙(the stem of 고맙다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
[ㅂ 불규칙 (V irregular rule)]
(1) In Korean language, All verbs ending in "-ㅂ다" follow the rules below as "ㅂ 불규칙 동사(ㅂ irregular verb)"(“-ㅂ다”로 끝나는 모든 동사는 “ㅂ 불규칙 동사”로서 아래의 규칙을 따른다)
(2) the ㅂ of 고맙다 is originally from ㅸ (ㆁ after ㅂ a sign that tells you to weakly pronounce 'ㅂ' and stop right away. (See: https://namu.wiki/w/%ED%9B%88%EB%AF%BC%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%98%20%EC%88%9C%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%8C)
(3) the ㅂ of 고맙다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응 ‘ㆁ’. these days V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation
(4) 고마운: this is from 고마 + ㅂ(V sound consists of ㅂ + 옛이응 ‘ㆁ’; this changed into '우') + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb into an adjective)
(5) 고마워 : 고맙(the stem of 고맙다; ㅂ(V sound) changed into 우) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 그 : that
* 얘기 : (1) [=이야기] a story (2) [=말•말씀] a word
* -를 : a particle makes 그 얘기 objective after a word ends in a vowel
* 언제 : when
* 하다 : do
* 얘기하다 = 얘기를 하다 : (1) [=이야기를 하다] tell a story (2) [=말하다•말씀하다] tell; speak; say
* 하나 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -나(A postpositional particle used to indicate that the speaker has little interest in, or casually asks about quotations: 말하는 사람이 인용되는 내용에 별 관심이 없거나 "가벼운 의문"을 나타낼 때 쓰는 조사)
* 했다 : past tense of 하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했
* 했네 : 했(the stem of 했다) + -네(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
* XX(를/을) 언제 하나 했다 = 언제 XX하나 했다 : I thought you'd never + XX
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