창문(을) 좀 열어 주세요 : Could you roll down the window?; Would you open the window?; Crack the window for me, please; Open the window a bit.
<The following sentences are different meanings>
창문(을) 좀 내려 주시겠어요? : Please you roll down the window?
창문(을) 조금 내려 주시겠어요? : Could you roll down the window a little bit?
ex)
A. 창문을 조금 내려 주시겠어요? 두통이 나서요 : Could you roll down the window a little bit? I’m getting a headache.
B. 어쩌죠? 창문이 제대로 작동을 안 해서 열 수가 없는데 : You know what? The windows aren’t working right. I can’t get them open
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 창문 좀 열어 줘. (to younger people or friends)
- 창문 좀 열어 줘라. (to younger people or friends)
- 창문 좀 열어 줄래. (to younger people or friends)
- 창문을 좀 내려 줘. (to younger people or friends)
- 창문을 좀 내려 줘라. (to younger people or friends)
- 창문을 좀 내려 줄래. (to younger people or friends)
- 창문을 조금 내려 줘. (to younger people or friends)
- 창문을 조금 내려 줘라. (to younger people or friends)
- 창문을 조금 내려 줄래. (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 창문 좀 열어 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 창문 좀 열어 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 창문을 좀 내려 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 창문을 좀 내려 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 창문을 조금 내려 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 창문을 조금 내려 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 창문 좀 열어 주실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문 좀 열어 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문 좀 열어 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문 좀 열어 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문 좀 열어 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 창문 좀 열어 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문 좀 열어 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문 좀 열어 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 좀 내려 주실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 좀 내려 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 좀 내려 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 좀 내려 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 좀 내려 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 창문을 좀 내려 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 좀 내려 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 좀 내려 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 조금 내려 주실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 조금 내려 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 조금 내려 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 조금 내려 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 조금 내려 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 창문을 조금 내려 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 조금 내려 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 창문을 조금 내려 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)
[explanations]
* 창문 : [窓門] [=창(窓] window
* -을 : a particle makes 창문 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this can be omitted
* 좀 : (1) a short form of 조금(a little bit) (2) please (when this used with 주다)
* 조금 : this has the meaning of "a little bit". that is to say this don't have the meaning of "please"
* 열다 : [ㄹ 불규칙] open
* 열리다 : [ㄹ 불규칙] passive form of 열다 by '-리-'; '-리-' is changed from '-이-' for easy pronunciation according to the the stem of a verb ends in a vowel or a consonant
* 연다 : present tense of 열다 by ‘-ㄴ’; -ㄹ erased because '-ㄴ' should be appended to 여
* 열린다 : present tense of 열리다 by '-ㄴ'
* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence; so this verb has the meaning of "please"
* 열어 주다 : 열(the stem of 열다) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs) + -주다(make an effort)
* 열어 주다 : do an effort to open a window
* 창문을 조금 열다 : crack the window
* 내리다 : (1) get off (from a transportation vehicle) (2) fall (down) (3) [짐(luggage)] unload (4) [셔터·커튼 등(Shutters, curtains, etc)] drop; let fall; let down; [창문•창(window)] roll down
* 내린다 : present tense of 내리다 by ‘-ㄴ’
* 올리다 : [=위로 오르게 하다] raise; lift (up); upraise; elevate; fly; put[get] up; hold up
- 깃발을 올리다 : fly[hoist] a flag
- 올려놓다 : put (up)on
* 올린다 : present tense of 올리다 by ‘-ㄴ’
* 창문을 내리다/올리다 : roll down / up
* 내려 주다 : 내리(the stem of 내리다) + -여(a connection suffix between two verbs) + -주다(make an effort)
* 내려 주다 : (1) do an effort to unload (2) do an effort to let down (3) do an effort to roll down
* 줘 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주세요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"
* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”
* 두통 : [頭痛] (a) headache
- 편두통 : (a) migraine (headache)
- 머리가 깨질 것 같은 두통 : a splitting headache
- 잠을 자서[산책하여] 두통을 고치다 : sleep[walk] off the headache
- 조금[몹시] 두통이 난다 : I have a slight[bad] headache
- 그는 두통이 잘 일어난다 : He is subject to headaches.▷ 두통약 a headache specific
* 나다 : (1) come out; spring out (2) occur; happen
* 난다 : present tense of 나다 by '-ㄴ'
* 나서요 : 나(the stem of 나다: 나 + -아 contracted intl 나) + -아서/-어서/-여서(because of) + -요(an homourific ending suffix)
* 어쩌다 / 어찌하다 / 어떻게 하다 : do what to do
- 어찌해야 할지를 모르다 : do not know what to do
- 어찌하여 내 마음을 이렇게 몰라줍니까? : Why can't you see my heart for you?
* 어쩌죠? : a short form of 어쩌지요?; -지 + -요? contracted into -죠?
* 어쩌지요 : 어쩌(the stem of 어쩌다) + -지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 어쩐다! : 어쩌(the stem of 어쩌다) + -ㄴ다(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 어쩝니까? : 어쩌(the stem of 어쩌다) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific question verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 창문 : [窓門] [=창(窓] window
* -이 : a particle makes 창문 subjective after a word ends in a consonant
* 제대로 : (1) as it is; as it should (2) as one please; in one's own way (3) intact; untouched; smoothly; without a hitch; in orderly fashion; in the right direction in the sentence
* 작동 : [作動] [Pronunciatio: 작똥] operation; working; running
* -을 : a particle makes 작동 objective after a word ends in a consonant
* 안 : this is eqaul to "not" in English
* 하다 : do
* 작동을 하다 = 작동하다 : operate
* 작동을 안 하다 = 작동을 하지 않다 : don't operate
* 작동하다 = 작동을 하다 : run; work; operate
- 기계가 작동하는 소리 : the (operating) noise of a machine
- 자동차의 엔진이 작동하지 않는다 : The car engine is not running
- 스프링클러 설비는 발화와 동시에 작동했다 : The sprinkler system began to function[work] as soon as the fire started
* 작동되다 : passive form of 작동하다
- 이 기계는 전력으로 작동된다 : This machine is run[works] by electricity
* 작동시키다 : make something work/run/operate
- 그는 엔진을 작동시켰다 : He started the engine
* -이 : a particle makes 작동 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant; -이 / -가 used before 되다 verb
* -을 : a particle makes 작동 objective after a word ends in a consonant; -을 used before 하다 verb or 안 하다 phrase
* 되지 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -지(a connection suffix is used before an interrogative word)
* 하지 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -지(a connection suffix is used before an interrogative word)
* 않다 : [Pronunciation: 안타] be not; never
* 않는다 : present form of 않다 by '-는-'
* 않았다 : past tense of 않다 by '-았-'
* 않습니다 : 않(the stem of 않다) + 스-(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 해서 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -아서/-어서/-여서(because of)
* 열 : 열(the stem of 열; 열 + -ㄹ contracted into 열) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)
* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb
* 수 : a way; a method
* -가 : a particle makes 열 수 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted
* (-이/-가) 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be not ; noe exist; there is[are] not (2) don't have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 없다] be unable to do
* 없는데요 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -는데(A sentence-final ending used to say something while anticipating the listener's response; A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer; A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
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