얼마 나왔어요? : How much is it?; How much will it be?; How much do I owe you?; What’s the fare?
* ~에게 얼마를 빚지다, 지불할 의무가 있다 : owe + 사람 + 액수
ex)
A. 얼마 드리면 되죠? : So, how much do I owe you?
B. 16달러 나왔는데요. 15달러만 주시면 되겠네요 : You owe me 16 dollars. Just pay me 15, and we’ll call it even
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 얼마 나왔니? (to younger people or friends)
- 얼마 나왔나? (to younger people or friends)
- 얼마 나왔지? (to younger people or friends)
- 얼마 나왔냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 얼마 나왔는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 얼마 나왔는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 얼마 나왔어? (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 얼마 나왔나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 얼마 나왔지요? (to younger people or friends)
- 얼마 나왔죠? (to younger people or friends; -죠 a short form of -지요?)
- 얼마 나왔는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 얼마 나왔는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 얼마 나왔어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 얼마 나왔습니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 얼마 = 얼마나 : how much; how many
* -나 : A postpositional particle used to make a rough guess at the amount or extent: 수량이나 정도를 대강 짐작할 때 쓰는 조사
* 나오다 : come out <--나다(move out) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 오다(come)
* 나왔다 : past tense of 나오다 by '-았-'; 오 + -았 contracted into 왔; 오 is a positive vowel. so -았- is a positive form follows
* 나왔는가? : 나왔(the stem of 나왔다) + -는가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)
* 나왔는지? : 나왔(the stem of 나왔다) + -는지?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)
* 나왔어? : 나왔(the stem of 나왔다) + -아(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 나왔어요? : 나왔(the stem of 나왔다) + -아(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 나왔습니까 : 나왔(the stem of 나왔다) + 스-(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by '스-' / ‘-ㅂ-‘
* -에게 : A postpositional particle referring to the subject that is influenced by a certain action: 어떤 행동이 미치는 대상임을 나타내는 조사
* 얼마 : how much; how many
* -를 : a particle makes 얼마 objective after a word ends in a vowel
* 빚 : [Pronunciation: 빗] debt
* 빋 : [Pronunciation: 빗] an another word of 빚 in old days
* 빛 : [Pronunciation: 빗] light
* 빗 : [Pronunciation: 빗] comb
* 지다 : [빚] fall[run / get] into ; incur[contract]
- 남의 빚을 대신 지다 : shoulder[assume] another's debts
- 빚을 지고 있다 : be in debt / owe
- 빚을 지지 않고 살다 : keep[be] out of debt / keep one's head above water
- 그는 많은 빚을 졌다 : He ran up a lot of debts
- 그는 아버지의 빚을 대신 졌다 :!He shouldered[took responsibility for] his father's debts
- 그녀에게 빚을 얼마나 졌나 : How much money do you owe her?
- 그에게 진 빚을 갚을 도리가 없었다 : I didn't have the means to pay for what I owed to him
* 빚지다 = 빚을 지다 = ~에게 얼마를 빚지다 : owe; be in debt
* 지불 : [ 支拂] (1) [=돈을 치름] payment; payoff; defrayment; defrayal; disbursement; discharge (2) [=지급(支給)]
- 전액 지불 : payment in full
- 현금 지불 : payment in cash
- 지불을 연기하다 : put off[postpone] payment
- 지불을 독촉하다 : press for payment
- 지불 능력 : solvency
- 지불 능력이 있는 : solvent
* 지불하다 : pay
* 지불하시다 : an honourific form of 지불하다 by ‘-시-‘
* 지불할 : 지불하(the stem of 지불하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)
* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb
* 의무 : [義務] (a) duty; an obligation; [=책임] (a) responsibility
- 병역의 의무 : liability for military service
- 납세의 의무 : liability for tax payment
- 국가에 대한 의무 : a duty to one's country
- 법률상의 의무 : legal obligation[responsibility]
- 의무를 다하다 : carry out[perform / do] one's duty
- 의무를 지다 : owe a duty
- 의무를 게을리 하다 : neglect[fail in] one's duty
- 남편에겐 아내를 부양할 의무가 있다 : A husband has a duty[an obligation] to support his wife
- 우리는 세금을 낼 의무가 있다 : We are under obligation [have an obligation] to pay our taxes
* -가 : a particle makes 의무 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* (-이/-가) 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do
* 얼마 : how much; how many
* -를 : a particle makes 얼마 objective after a word ends in a vowel: this omitted
* 주다 : give (non-honourific word)
* 드리다 : give (honourific word)
* 드리면 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -면(if)
* 되다 : (1) become (2) [=충분하다] be enough; be sufficient; will do; answer[serve] the purpose
* 되죠! : a short form of 되지요?
* 되지요? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -지(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 16달러 : [Pronunciation: 십육달러] $16
* -가 : a particle makes 16달러 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted
* 나왔는데요: 나왔(the stem of 나왔다) + -는데/-ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix shows a little hesitation when saying) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 15달러 : [Pronunciation: 십오달러] $15
* -만 : only
* 주시다 : give (honourific word); an honourific form of 주다 by '-시-'
* 주시면 : 주시(the stem of 주시다) + -면(if)
* 되다 : (1) become (2) [=충분하다] be enough; be sufficient; will do; answer[serve] the purpose
* 되겠네요 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -겠(one's conjecture) + -네(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
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