잔돈 없으세요? : Don’t you have smaller bills?; Don’t you have anything smaller?
ex)
A. 50달러인데 거슬러 주실 수 있어요? : Do you have change for a fifty?
B. 50달러짜리는 못 바꿔요. 잔돈 없으세요? : I can’t break a fifty. Don’t you have smaller bills?
A. 없어요 : I don't have
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 잔돈 없니? (to younger people or friends)
- 잔돈 없나? (to younger people or friends)
- 잔돈 없냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 잔돈 없어? (to younger people or friends)
- 잔돈 없는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 잔돈 없는지? (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 잔돈 없나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 잔돈 없어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 잔돈 없는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 잔돈 없는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 잔돈 없습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
- 잔돈 없으신가요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 잔돈 없으신지요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 잔돈 없으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 잔돈 없으십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
[explanations]
* 잔돈 : (1) [단위가 작은 돈] (small) change (2) [=거스럼돈] change
- 만 원짜리 바꿔 줄 잔돈 있으세요? : Do you have change for a 10,000-won bill?
- 여기 잔돈 500원 받으세요 : Here's 500 won change
* -은 : a particle makes 잔돈 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted
* -이: a particle makes 잔돈 subject after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted
* -은 has stronger meaning than -이 because -은 makes 잔돈 the topic of the sentence
* 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따] be not ; don’t exist; there is not ; there are not
* 없으시다 : an honourific form of 없다 by '-으시'
* 없습니까? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 없으신가요? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄴ가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 없으세요? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 없으십니까? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -는가? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -아? / -는가? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -으세요? / -으십니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘스-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’
* 50달러 : [Pronunciation: 오십달러] $50
* 이다 : be
* 인데 : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㄴ contracted into 인) + -ㄴ데/-는데(A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow: 뒤의 말을 하기 위하여 그 대상과 관련이 있는 상황을 미리 말함을 나타내는 연결 어미)
* 거스르다 : [르 불규칙] give change; make change
- …을 받고 10원을 거슬러 주다 : give ten won (in return) for ‥
- 거슬러 받다 : get the change
* 거슬러 : 거슬(the stem of 거스르다; 거스르 + -어 contracted into 거슬러) + -어(A connective ending used to express the purpose of an action such as going, coming and giving: 주는 동작의 목적을 나타내는 연결 어미)
* -아/-어/-여 주다 = -아/-어/-여 드리다 : do an effort to do
* 거슬러 주다 / 거슬러 드리다 : make change (with effort)
* 줄 : 주(the stem of 주다; 주 + -ㄹ contracted into 줄) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)
* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb
* 수 : a way; a method
* -가 : a particle makes 줄 수 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted
* (-이/-가) 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do
* 있으시다 : an honourific form of 있다 by '-으시'
* 있어요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -어(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 있으세요? : 있으시(the stem of 있으시다; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 50달러 : [Pronunciation: 오십달러] $50
* 짜리 : a thing worth; this omitted
* -는 : a particle makes 짜리 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel
* 못 : This adverb is used before some verbs to mean the denial of prohibition or impossibility of such an action: 일부 동사 앞에 쓰이어, 그와 같은 동작에 대한 금지나 불가능 따위의 부정(否定)을 뜻하는 부사
* 바꾸다 : change
* 바꿔요 : 바꾸(the stem of 바꾸다; 꾸 + -어 contracted into 꿔: 'the negative vowel -어 should be used because -우 is a negative vowel) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be not ; noe exist; there is[are] not (2) don't have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 없다] be unable to do
* 없어요 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
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