오늘 저녁에 시간 있어요? : Are you free tonight?
ex #1)
A. 저녁을 사 드리고 싶은데, 오늘 저녁에 시간 있으세요?
: I’d like to take you out for dinner. Are you free tonight?
B. 오늘 저녁은 안 되겠는데요. 내일 저녁은 어때요? : Tonight is not good. How about tomorrow night?
ex #2)
A. 오늘 저녁에 뭐 해요? 저녁을 사 드리고 싶은데 ... : What are you doing tonight?; You doing anything tonight? I’d like to take you out for dinner
B. 죄송해요. 오늘 약속 있어요 : I'm sorry. I have an appointment today
ex #3)
A. 언제 저녁을 사 드릴 수 있을까요? : Could I take you out for dinner sometime?
B. 네. 다음 주말에 하시죠 = 네. 다음 주말에 저녁 같이 하시죠 : Yes. Let's have dinner together next weekend
[other expressions]
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있니? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있나? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있어? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있나요? (honourific by '-요')
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있어요? (honourific by '-요')
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있는지요? (honourific by '-요')
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있으세요? (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있으셔요? (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
[explanations]
* 너 : you (non-honourific word)
* 언니 : a woman is a little older than you
* -는 : a particle makes 너 / 언니 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted
* 오늘 : today
* 저녁 : evening
* 밤 : night
* -에 : a time suffix
* 시간 : [時間] (1) [=시간을 세는 단위(a unit counts time)] an hour (2) [=시각] time (3) [수업·근무·휴식 등의(of classes, work, rest, etc)] hours; [=수업 시간] school hours (4)
* -이 : a particle makes 시간 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted
* (-이/-가) 있다 : (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have in the sentence
* 있으세요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으셔요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있습니까 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 있으십니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -는가? / -ㄴ가? / -는지? / -ㄴ지? / -어? / -아? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -는가? / -ㄴ가? / -는지? / -ㄴ지? / -어? / -아? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -(으)세요? / -(으)셔요? / -(으)십니까? / -습니까? / -십니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-시-‘ / ‘-요’
* 저녁 : (1) evening (2) [=저녁 식사] dinner in the sentence
* -을 : a particle makes 저녁 objective after a word ends in a consonant
* 사다 : buy
* 주다 : give
* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다
* 사 드리다 : 사(the stem of 사다; 사 + -아 contracted into 사) + -아(a suffix makes a verb attributive; this means "after doing"); this means "buy for; buy somone something)
* 드리고 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -고(in order to do)
* (-고) 싶다 : want; hope
* 싶은데 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -은데/-는데/-ㄴ데(A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow)
* 안 : a word makes a verb follows negative; this equal to "not" in English
* 되다 : (1) become (2) can be in the sentence
* 안 되다 : (1) be unable to do; can't; it is impossible (1) be not in the sentence
* 안 되는데요 : 안 되(the stem of 되다) + -는데/-은데/-ㄴ데(A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 내일 : tomorrow
* 저녁은 : 저녁 + -은(a particle makes 저녁 the topic of the setence after a word ends in a consonant
* 어떻다 = 어떠하다 : a short form of 어떠하다(be how)
* 어때요? : 어떻(the stem of 어떻다; ㅎ erased and 떠 + -어 contracted into 때) + -어(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 저녁에 : 저녁 + -에(a time suffix)
* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what)
* -를 : a particle makes 뭐 objective after word ends in a vowel; this omitted
* -을 : a particle makes 무엇 objective after word ends in a consonant; this omitted
* 하다 : do
* -해요? : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 죄송 : being sorry
* 죄송한 : sorry
* 죄송하다 : be sorry
* 죄송해요 : 죄송하(the stem of 죄송하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 약속 : promise; (만남의) appointment, engagement; (공적인) pledge; (협정) agreement, promise, make a(n) promise[appointment] (with); (공적으로) pledge
- 약속을 지키다 : keep one's promise[appointment]
* -이 : a suffix 약속 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a consonant; when this omitted, the sentence is more natural
* (-이/-가) 있다 : be; exist; have
* 있어요 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 언제 : (1) when (2) [=시간이 있으면•시간이 되면] If you have time
* 사다 : buy
* 주다 : give
* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다
* 사 드리다 : 사(the stem of 사다; 사 + -아 contracted into 사) + -아(a suffix makes a verb attributive; this means "after doing"); this means "buy for; buy somone something)
* 드릴 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive)
* 수 : a way; a method
* -가[이] 있다 : there is[are]; exist; have
* 수(가) 있다 : have a way to do; have a method to do; be able to do; can do
* -ㄹ 수(가) 있다 / -이[가] 가능하다 : know how to do; can do; be able to do
* 있을까요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -을(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + 요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 응 : yes (non-honourific word)
* 네 : yes (honourific word)
* 다음 : next
* 주말 : [週末] the weekend <-- 주(week) + 말(end)
* -에 : a time suffix
* 같이 : togather
* 하다 : do
* 저녁(을) 같이 하다 : have dinner together
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