Let's learn about "의한"

* 의하다 : [依하다] has the following meanings

* 의한 : 의하(the stem of 의하다) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb attributive)

* 의하여 : 의하(the stem of 의하다) + -여(A connective ending used when the preceding statement happened before the following statement, or was the ways or means to the following statement; A connective ending used when the preceding statement is the cause or reason for the following statement)

*의해 : a short form of 의하여

(1) [=근거를 두다] be based[founded / grounded] on[upon]

- 노동에 의한 소득 : an earned income

- 실험 결과에 의한 결론 : a conclusion based on experimental results

- 소문에 의하면 : as report has it[goes] / according to rumors

- 전하는 바에 의하면 : reportedly

- 그의 의견은 그의 경험에 의한 것이다 : His opinion is based[founded / grounded] on his experience

- 들은 바에 의하면 그는 유능한 사람인 것 같다 : Judging from reports, he seems to be an able man

- 이야기에 의하면 그는 전사했다고 한다 : The story goes that he was killed in war

(2) [=말미암다] be due to; be caused by; be owing to[attributable to]

- 승리를 천우에 의한 것으로 돌리다 : attribute[refer] one's victory to Providence

- 그 화재는 누전에 의한 것이었다 : The fire was caused by a short circuit

- 그 사고는 그의 부주의한 운전에 의한 것이었다 : The accident was due to his careless driving.ㆍ 암에 의한 사망률이 증가하고 있다 The death rate from cancer is rising

- 짙은 안개에 의한 결항이 계속되었다 : Ships were prevented from sailing every day because of[on account of / by] dense fog

(3) [=(수단·방법에) 호소하다] do by (means of); appeal to; have recourse to

- 우리는 무력에 의하지 않을 수 없었다 : We had to have recourse to[resort to] arms

(4) [기타(etc)] composed by; painted by; made by; … by

- 브람스에 의한 교향곡 : a symphony (composed) by Brahms

- 이 그림은 18세기의 프랑스 화가에 의한 것이라 한다 : This painting is attributed to a French artist of the eighteenth century