살 때는 흠이 있는 줄 몰랐어요 : I didn’t find/notice any defects when I bought it; When I bought it, it looked fine; I didn’t know there was anything wrong with it at first; I didn’t find anything wrong with it at first.
ex)
A. 뭘 도와 드릴까요? : What can I do for you?
B. 아침에 샀을 때는 멀쩡해 보였는데 단추가 떨어져 있네요 : When I bought this top this morning, it looked fine, but I noticed that button was missing
A. 즉시 교환해 드릴게요 : We’ll change it for you right away
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 살 때는 흠이 있는 줄 몰랐다. (to younger people or friends)
- 살 때는 흠이 있는 줄 몰랐네. (to younger people or friends)
- 살 때는 흠이 있는 줄 몰랐어. (to younger people or friends)
- 살 때는 흠이 있는 줄 몰랐는데. (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 살 때는 흠이 있는 줄 몰랐네요. (honourific by '요')
- 살 때는 흠이 있는 줄 몰랐어요. (honourific by '요')
- 살 때는 흠이 있는 줄 몰랐는데요. (honourific by '요')
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 살 때는 흠이 있는 줄 몰랐습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스‘)
[explanations]
* 사다 : buy; purchase
* 살 : 사(the stem of 사다; 사 + -ㄹ contracted into 살) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)
* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb
* 때 : when
* -는 : a suffix emphasizes 때
* 흠 : [欠] flaw; defect; a scar
* -이 : a particle makes 흠 subjective after a word ends in a consonant
* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do
* 있는 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb present tense and adnominal)
* 줄 : (1) [=방법] how to ; the way (2) [=셈속] (the fact) that
- 요리할 줄 알다 : know how to cook
- 그는 아무 것도 할 줄 모른다 : He is good for nothing
- 그런 일이 있을 줄은 꿈에도 몰랐다 : I never dreamed[Little did I dream] of such a thing. / That was the last thing I expected to happen
- 그는 내일 올 것이니 그런 줄 아시오 : He will come tomorrow, so please be prepared. / Please hear in mind that he is coming tomorrow
- 네가 이것을 쓴 줄을 그가 어찌 알겠는가 : How should he know that you wrote this?
* 알다 : know
* 알았다 : past tense of 알다 by '-았-'
* 모르다 : [ㄹ 불규칙] don't know
* 몰랐다 : past tense of 모르다 by '-았-'
* -ㄹ/-을/-를 줄 알다 : know how to
* -ㄹ/-을/-를 줄 모르다 : don't know how to
* 몰랐어요 : 몰랐(the stem of 몰랐다) + -네(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 몰랐는데요 : 몰랐(the stem of 몰랐다) + -는데(A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 몰랐습니다 : 몰랐(the stem of 몰랐다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -는데 + 요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-' / '-ㅂ'
* 뭘 : a short form of 무엇을
* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇
* -를 : a particle makes 뭐 objective after a word ends in a vowel
* 무엇 : what
* -을 : a particle makes 무엇 objective after a word ends in a consonant
* 돕다 : [ㅂ 불규칙] help
* 도움 : [=조력] assistance; a noun form of 돕다 by '-ㅁ'
[ㅂ 불규칙 (V irregular rule)]
* ㅂ is originally from ㅸ (ㆁ after ㅂ a sign that tells you to weakly pronounce 'ㅂ' and stop right away. (See: https://namu.wiki/w/%ED%9B%88%EB%AF%BC%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%98%20%EC%88%9C%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%8C)
(1) the ㅂ of 돕다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응 ‘ㆁ’. these days V sound changed into '오' for easy pronunciation
- See : https://m.blog.naver.com/nurisejong/221050681781
(2) 도와 : 돕(the stem of 돕다; ㅂ(V sound) changed into 오) + -아(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
(3) 도움 : 돕(the stem of 돕다; ㅂ(V sound) changed into 우 + -ㅁ(a suffix makes a verb a noun)
* 도와 : 도(the stem of 돕다; ㅂㅎ+ -아 contracted into 와) + -아(a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 주다 : give
* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다 to the elderly
* 줄까? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 줄까요? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 드릴까요? : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 아침 : morning
* -에 : a time suffix
* 아침에 : in the morning
* 샀다 : past tense of 사다 by '-았-'
* 샀을 : 샀(the stem of 샀다) + -을(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)
* 때 : when
* -는 : a suffix emphasizes 때
* 멀쩡하다 : [=온전하다] flawless; faultless; spotless; free from blemish; sound; perfect
* 멀쩡했다 : past tense of 멀쩡하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했
* 멀쩡해 : 멀쩡하(the stem of 멀쩡하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 보다 : see; look; watch
* 보이다 : passive form of 보다 by '-이-'
* 보였다 : past tense of 멀쩡하다 by '-였-'; -었 changed into 였 for easy pronunciation
* 보였는데 : 보였(the stem of 보였다) + -는데/-ㄴ데(A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow: 뒤의 말을 하기 위하여 그 대상과 관련이 있는 상황을 미리 말함을 나타내는 연결 어미; -는데 used after a word ends in a consonant; -ㄴ데 used after a word ends in a vowel)
* 단추 : button
* -가 : a suffix makes 단추 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 하나 : one (button)
* 떨어지다 : (1) [=낙하하다·추락하다] fall; drop; get[have] a fall; come[go] down; be down; (비행기 등이) crash; (액체가) drip (2) [=(해·달이) 지다] set; sink; go down (3) [=분리되다] separate; part from[with]; fall apart (4) (붙었던 것이) come off; come apart; be off; become disjoined
* 떨어져 : 떨어지(the stem of 떨어지다) + -여(and then)
* 있었다 : past tense of 있다 by '-었-'
* 있네요 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -네(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 있었네요 : 있었(the stem of 있었다) + -네(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 즉시 : [卽時] instantly; promptly; at once; on the spot[instant]; right away[off]
- …하자 즉시 : as soon as ‥ / no sooner ‥ than / directly after ‥ / scarcely[hardly] ‥ when[before]
- 구조 물자가 즉시 발송되었다 : Relief goods were sent off at once
- 즉시 알려 드리겠습니다 : I'll lose no time in letting you know
* 교환 : [交換] exchange; interchange; reciprocation; reciprocity; give-and-take; [=물물 교환] barter; swap; trade; substitution; [=어음 교환] clearing
- 의견의 교환 : an exchange[interchange] of views
- 문화의 교환 : cultural exchange
- 교환이 가능한 : exchangeable / transferable
- …과 교환으로 : in return[exchange] for
* 교환하다 : (1) exchange ; make an exchange; trade; barter; interchange; give and take; counterchange; reciprocate; change ; swap (2) [=바꾸다] change
- 의견을 교환하다 : exchange views ; compare notes
- 친서를 교환하다 : exchange personal letters.
* -으로/로/과/와 교환하다 forms are often used
* ~을/를 바꾸다 forms are often used
* 교환해 : 교환하(the stem of 교환하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 주다 : give
* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다
* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)
- 결혼해 주다 : You allow someone to get married you
- 도와줄게 : I'll (do an effort to) help you
- 함께 있어 주다 : keep staying with
* 교환해 주다 : exchange with an effort (non-honourific form)
* 교환해 드리다 : exchange with an effort (honourific form)
* 줄게요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요
* 드릴게요 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요
* 드리겠습니다 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
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