더 빠른 기차 편은 없나요? : Is there anything that will get me there sooner?; Are there any faster trains available?; I need to get there sooner.
ex)
A. 기차가 필라델피아에서 오후 5시에 출발해서 오후11시에 보스턴에 도착할 겁니다 : Your train will leave Philadelphia at 5 p.m. and will arrive in Boston at 11 p.m.
B. 너무 늦을 것 같은데요. 더 빨리 가는 건 없나요? : That’ll be too late. Are there any faster trains available?
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 더 빠른 기차 편은 없니? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 빠른 기차 편은 없나? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 빠른 기차 편은 없냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 빠른 기차 편은 없어? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 빠른 기차 편은 없는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 빠른 기차 편은 없는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 빠른 기차 편이 있니? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 빠른 기차 편이 있나? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 빠른 기차 편이 있냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 빠른 기차 편이 있어? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 빠른 기차 편이 있는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 빠른 기차 편이 있는지? (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 더 빠른 기차 편은 없나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 더 빠른 기차 편은 없어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 더 빠른 기차 편은 없는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 더 빠른 기차 편은 없는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 더 빠른 기차 편이 있나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 더 빠른 기차 편이 있어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 더 빠른 기차 편이 있는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 더 빠른 기차 편이 있는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 더 빠른 기차 편은 없습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
- 더 빠른 기차 편은 없으신가요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 더 빠른 기차 편은 없으신지요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 더 빠른 기차 편은 없으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 더 빠른 기차 편은 없으십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
- 더 빠른 기차 편이 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
- 더 빠른 기차 편이 있으신가요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 더 빠른 기차 편이 있으신지요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 더 빠른 기차 편이 있으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 더 빠른 기차 편이 있으십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
[explanations]
* 더 : more
* 빠른 : fast; rapid; this is an adjective form of 빠르다 by '-ㄴ'
* 빠르다 : be fast; be rapid
* 빠르게 : an adverb form of 빠르다 by '-게'
* 빨리 : [=신속히] quickly, fast; [=일찍] early; this is an adverb form of 빠르다 by '-이; 으 of 리 erased before 이
- 그녀는 빨리 먹는 편이다 : She's a fast eater
* 기차 = 열차 : train
* 편 : [便] (1) [=인편(人便)] by human being (2) [=우편] post; mail (3) [=교통] facilities; service (4) [=쪽] a side; [=방향] a direction; a way (5) [=한 패] a party; a ring; a team; one's side (6) [=선택·경향] selection; tendency
- 친구 편에 보내다 = 친구 편에 부치다 : send by (the hand of) a friend
- 항공 편으로 부치다 : send by air mail / airmail
- 교통 편 : communication[traffic] facilities / facilities for communication
- 철도편으로 : per[by] rail / by train
- 배 편으로 : by ship[steamer / water / sea]
- 교통편이 좋다 : be convenient for transportation
- 아버지 편의 : on the paternal side / on the father's side
- 어머니 편의 : on the maternal side / on the mother's side
- 이편에 : this way
- 저편에 : that way
- 왼편에 : on the left(-hand) side
- 오른 편으로 : to the right
- 오른편에 앉다 : sit on one's right side
- 아이들은 어머니 편에 붙었다 :The children took side with their mother
- 내 오른편 자리가 비어 있다 :The seat on my right is unoccupied
- 그 집은 거리의 건너편에 서 있다 : The house stands on the other side of the street
- 이 편에 은행이 있습니까? : Is there a bank around[about / near] here?
- 우리편 : our side[part] / we / a friend / our party[team]
- 상대편 : the other party / the opposite party / one's opponent party
- 이렇게 하는 편이 좋을 것이다 : You'd better do it like this[(in) this way]
- 이 편이 훨씬 낫다 : This is for better than that
- 그녀에게 그렇게 말하는 편이 나을 뻔했다 : You had better have told her so
* 인편 : [人便] by human being
- 인편에 = 인편으로 : by someone / by means of someone / through the agency of person
- 인편에 보내다 : send by someone
- 인편에 편지를 보내다 : request a person to carry a letter / send a letter by a person
* -은 : a particle makes 더 빠른 기차 편 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant
* -이: a particle makes 더 빠른 기차 편 subject after a word ends in a consonant
* 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따] be not ; don’t exist; there is not ; there are not
* 없으시다 : an honourific form of 없다 by '-으시'
* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do
* 있으시다 : an honourific form of 있다 by '-으시'
* -은 없어요? = -이 있어요? : Do you have ~?
* 없습니까? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 없으신가요? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄴ가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 없으세요? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 없으십니까? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 있습니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 있으신가요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄴ가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으세요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으십니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -는가? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -아? / -는가? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -으세요? / -으십니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘스-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’
* 기차 = 열차 : train
* -가 : a particle makes 기차 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 필라델피아 : Philadelphia
* -에서 : a place suffix means "where an action takes place"
* 오전 : morning; AM
* 오후 : afternoon; PM
* 5시 : [Pronunciation: 다섯시] 5 o'clock
* -에 : a time suffix means "at"
* 출발 : [出發] starting; beginning; departure
* 출발하다 : start; begin
* 출발 안 하다 : doesn’t start; doesn’t begin (안 : not)
* 하다 : do
* 했다 : past tense of 하다 by '-었-'
* 출발해서 : 출발하(the stem of 출발하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어서/-아서/-여서(and then; A connective ending used to indicate that the preceding event and the following one happened sequentially: 앞말과 뒤의 말이 순차적으로 일어남을 나타내는 연결 어미)
* 11시 : [Pronunciation: 열한시] 11 o'clock
* -에 : a time suffix means "at"
* 보스톤 : Boston
* -에 : a place suffix means "in"
* 도착 : [到着] arrival
- 도착순으로 : in order of arrival
* 도착하다 : arrive at[in / on]; [=도달하다] reach; get to; [편지·화물] come to hand
- 도착하는 대로 : as soon as one arrives / immediately on one's arrival / on[upon] arrival
* 도착했다 : past tense of 도착하다 by '-었-'
* 도착할 : 도착하(the stem of 도착하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense ans adnominal; -ㄹ used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel)
* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb
* 거 = 것 : a thing; a stuff; 거 is a short form of 것
* 이다 : be
* 거다 = 것이다
* 거네 = 것이네 : 것 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -네
* 거야 = 것이야 : 것 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -야
* 건데 = 것인데 : 것 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㄴ데
* 거예요 = 것이에요 : 것 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -에 + -요
* 건데요 = 것인데요 : 것 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㄴ데 + -요
* 겁니다 = 것입니다 : 것 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니다
* -입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb (as the stem form) + -ㄹ 것이다 : I will ~; It will; this makes a verb future tense
* 너무 : too (much)
* 늦은 : [Pronunciation: 느즌] late
* 늦다 : [Pronunciation: 늗따] be late
* 늦게 : an adverb form of 늦다
* 늦을 : 늦(the stem of 늦다) + -을(a suffix makes a verb future tense and and adnominal; -을 used after the stem of a verb ends in a consonant)
* 거 = 것 : a thing; a stuff; 거 is a short form of 것
* -는/-ㄴ 거 같다 = -는/-ㄴ 것 같다 : I think that ~; something seems ~; something looks ~; this indicates the present conjecture
* -을/-ㄹ 거 같다 = -을/-ㄹ 것 같다 : I guess that someone or something will ~; this indicates the future conjecture
* 같다 : [Pronunciation: 갇따] (1) be equal to (2) seem; look (3) I think in the sentence
* 같은데요 : 같(the stem of 같다) + -은데/-ㄴ데(A sentence-final ending used to admire something while anticipating the listener's response; A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer; A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 가는 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb present tense and adnominal)
* 건 : a short form of 것은
* 거 = 것 : a thing; this makes a verb infinitive in English
* -는 : a particle makes 거 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel
* -은 : a particle makes 것 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant
* 없나요? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
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