Let's learn about "여기 자리 있나요?"

여기 자리 있나요? : (1) Is anyone sitting here?; Is this seat taken/occupied? (2) Can I sit here?; Can I have this seat?

ex)

A. 여기 자리 있나요? : Is this seat taken?

B. 아뇨, 앉으세요. 가방을 치워 드릴게요 : No, go ahead. Let me move my bag

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 여기 자리 있니? (to younger people or friends)

- 여기 자리 있나? (to younger people or friends)

- 여기 자리 있냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 여기 자리 있어? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 여기 자리 있나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 여기 자리 있어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 여기 자리 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스)

[explanations]

* 여기 : here

* 자리 : (1) [=좌석] a seat (2) [=공간] a room

* -가 : a particle makes 자리 subjective after a word ends in a consonant; this can be omitted

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do

* 있나요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(나?(an honourific ending suffix)

* 있습니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? :  a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -나? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-스-‘ / ‘-요’

* 아니다 : be not; no

* 아뇨 : a short form of 아니요

* 아니요 : 아니(the stem of 아니다) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 앉다 : [Pronunciation: 안따] seat

* 앉으시다 : [Pronunciation: 안즈시다] an honourific form of 앉다 by '-으시-'

* 앉으세요 : [Pronunciation: 안즈세요] 앉으시(the stem of 앉으시다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 가방 : bag

* -을 : a particle makes 가방 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 치우다 : [=정돈하다] put in order; put[set] to rights; tidy (up); clean up; straighten up ; put[set] straight; fix up

- 방을 치우다 : tidy up a room / put[set] a room to rights

- 책상 위[서랍]를 치우다 :  tidy up a desk[drawer]

- 연회가 끝난 방을 치우다 : put a room in order after a party is over

- 잡다하게 늘어놓은 방을 치우다 : tidy (up) a disordered[cluttered] room

- 부엌을 치우다 : straighten (out) the kitchen

- 하던 일을 치우다 : clean up unfinished work

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence (a non-honourific word)

* 드리다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence (an honourific word)

* 치워 : 치우(the stem of 치우다; 우 + -어 contracted into 혀) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 줄게요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요

* 드릴게요 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요

* 드리겠습니다 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)