발 디딜 틈이 없군요 = 너무 혼잡하군요 : It’s really packed; It’s too crowded.
* 꽉 찬, 만원의 : packed
* 붐비는 : crowded
ex)
A. 와, 너무 혼잡하네요. 역 전체가 꽉 찼어요 : Wow, it’s too crowded. Actually the whole station is really packed.
B. 러시아워에는 항상 이래요 : It’s always like this during rush hour
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 발 디딜 틈이 없다. (to younger people or friends)
- 발 디딜 틈이 없네. (to younger people or friends)
- 발 디딜 틈이 없구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 발 디딜 틈이 없군! (to younger people or friends)
- 발 디딜 틈이 없는데. (to younger people or friends)
- 발 디딜 틈이 없어. (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 혼잡하다. (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 혼잡하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 혼잡하구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 혼잡하군! (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 혼잡한데. (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 혼잡해. (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 발 디딜 틈이 없네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 발 디딜 틈이 없군요! (honourific by '-요')
- 발 디딜 틈이 없는데요. (honourific by '-요')
- 발 디딜 틈이 없어요. (honourific by '-요')
- 너무 혼잡하네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 너무 혼잡하군요! (honourific by '-요')
- 너무 혼잡한데요. (honourific by '-요')
- 너무 혼잡해요. (honourific by '-요')
- 너무 혼잡합니다. (honourific by '-요')
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 발 디딜 틈이 없습니다.. (formal; more honourific by '스-')
[explanations]
* 발 : (1) a foot ; a paw; a tentacle; an arm; a hoof (2) [=걸음] walking; walk; [=보조] a step; [=걷는 속도] pace; speed
* -을 : a particle makes 발 objective after a word ends in a consonant
* 디디다 : (1) [=밟다] step on; tread (up)on (2) [=들어가다] enter
- 외국땅을 디디다 : step[set foot] on foreign soil
- 발을 헛디디다 : miss one's foot[step] / make[take] a false step
- 한발짝 내어 디디다 : take a step forward
- 첫발을 내어 디디다 : make the first step
- 정계에 발을 내어 디디다 : enter into politics / enter upon a political career
- 방에는 책이 흩어져 있어 발 디딜 곳도 없었다 : The room was strewn with books, and there was no place to stand
* 디딜 : 디디(the stem of 디디다; 디 + -ㄹ contracted into 딜) + -ㅇ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)
* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb
* 틈 : [=갈라진 자리] a crevice; a crack; a chink; a chasm; a fissure; a cleft; a gap; [=공간] space; an interstice
* -이 : a particle makes 틈 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel
* (-이/-가) 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be not ; noe exist; there is[are] not (2) don't have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 없다] be unable to do
* 없는데요 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -는데(A sentence-final ending used to admire something while anticipating the listener's response; A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer; A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 없습니다 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -어 / -네 / - 다 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어 / -네 / -는데 / -군! + -요 : honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* 너무 : too much
* 혼잡[混雜] : [=혼란] confusion; disorder; [=붐빔] crowdedness; congestion; a jam; a bustle
- 혼잡하다 : be in disorder; be crowded
- 혼잡 통에 : in the confusion
* 혼잡해 : 혼잡하(the stem of 혼잡하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 혼잡한데 : 혼잡하(the stem of 혼잡하다; 하 + -ㄴ contracted into 한) + -ㄴ데(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 혼잡해요 : 혼잡하(the stem of 혼잡하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 혼잡한데요 : 혼잡하(the stem of 혼잡하다; 하 + -ㄴ contracted into 한) + -ㄴ데(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 혼잡합니다 : 혼잡하(the stem of 혼잡하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'
* 꽉 : (1) [힘을 주는 모양] tight(ly); fast; firmly (2) [가득 찬 모양] close(ly); tight(ly); fully; compactly; to the full; chock-full
- 꽉 쥐다 : grasp firmly / grip with force / take a firm grip of / squeeze
- 트렁크에 꽉 채워 넣다 : pack a trunk tight(ly)[close]
- 꽉 차 있다 : be packed to the full / be chock-full of / be crammed with
* 차다 : (1) kick (2) be cold (3) [=가득 차다] fill (up); become full ; be filled[replete] ; brim ; [시간·일·자리 등] be engaged; be occupied
- 책이 꽉 찬 책꽂이 : a bookcase filled[stuffed] with books
- 활기에 가득 찬 젊은이들 : young men full of vitality
* 찬 : past tense and adnominal form of 차다 by '-ㄴ'; this modifies a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* 만원 : (1) 10,000 Won (2) [滿員] no vacancy; a full[capacity] house; congestion
- 만원의 청중 a full audience / a capacity crowd
- 만원 버스 : a jam-packed bus
- 자리는 만원입니다 : All the seats are taken[sold out]. / There are no seat left
- 호텔은 만원이었다 : There was no room[vacancy] at the hotel
- 열차는 초만원이었다 : The train was crowded beyond
* 만원의 : of no vacancy
* 붐비다 : be crowded[thronged] ; be bustling; bustle; be packed[congested / jammed / jam-packed]; [=만원이다] be full up
* 붐비는 : crowded
- 붐비는 거리 : a busy[crowded] street
- 붐비는 버스 : a crowded bus
- 붐비는 시간 :the rush hour(s)[period]
- 지독하게 붐비는군 : What a throng[crush]!
* 역 : station
* 전체 : total; all
* -가 : a particle makes 역 전체 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 꽉 : completely
* 찼다 : past tense of 차다 by '-았-'; the past tense form of 차다 word should be positive pronunciation '-았-' because the stem vowel of 차다 is positive pronunciation
* 찼어요 : 찼(the stem of 찼다) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 러시아워 : rush hour
* -에 : a time suffix; this can be replaced by 때
* -때 : when
* -는 : a suffix emphasizes 러시아워에 / 러시아워때
* 항상 = 늘 : always
* 이렇다 : [Pronunciation: 이러타] a short form of 이러하다(be like this)
* 이래요 : 이렇(the stem of 이렇다; ㅎ of 러 erased before -어; 러 + -어 contracted into 래) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
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