* 나다 has the basic meanings : happen; come into existence; come out from inside; be made/built by a something inside
* 난다 : present tense of 나다 by '-ㄴ'
* 났다 : past tense of 나다 by '-았-'
* 난 : past and attrributive form of 나다 by '-ㄴ'
1) 나다 has a lot of meanings :
(1) [=태어나다] be born; come into the world; come into being[existence]
<frequently used sentences>
- 날 때부터 : from (the day of) birth
- 내가 난 고장 : my birthplace
- (태어)나서 여태까지 : ever since my birth[I was born] / in (all) my born days
- 미국에서 나다 = 미국에서 태어나다 = 미국에서 출생하다 : be born in America
(2) [=자라다] grow; [=돋아나다] come out; bud (out); spring up; sprout
<frequently used sentences>
- 비 온 뒤에 난 죽순 : bamboo shoots[sprouts] after a rain
- 깃털이 다 난 새[아직 깃털이 다 나지 않은 새] : a full-fledged[an unfledged] bird
- 풀이 나다 : grass grows[sprouts]
- 이가 나다 : cut a tooth / erupt
- 싹이 나다 : bud (out) / sprout / spring up
- 턱에 수염이 나다 : one's chin sprouts a beard
- 깃털이 난다 : A bird grows wings[feathers its wings]
- 뜰에 이름 모를 풀이 나고 있다 : Some unknown plant is coming up in the garden
- 이 식물은 고산 지대에 난다 : This plant grows in alpine regions
- 이 아이는 첫 이가 났다 : This child has cut his first tooth
- 이 아이는 이가 막 나려 하고 있다 : The baby is teething
- 이 약을 쓰면 머리털이 납니다 : This medicine will grow hair on your head
- 소년은 턱수염이 나기 시작했다 :The boy has begun to develop a beard
- 사슴의 가지진 뿔은 봄에 떨어지고 또 새 뿔이 난다 : Deer shed their antlers in the spring and then grow new ones
- 콩 심은 데 콩 난다 : <속담(proverb)> One must sow before one can reap
(3) [=흘러나오다] flow[run / gush] out; spring (from)
<frequently used sentences>
- 샘이 나다 : a fountain flows
- 눈물이 나다 : tears flow / tears come into one's eyes
- 콧물이 나다 : have a running nose / one's nose runs[drips]
- 땀이 나다 : sweat / perspire
(4) [=발생하다] happen; come to pass[happen]; come about; occur; take place; turn up; break out; rise; arise; spring[come] up
<frequently used sentences>
- 연기가 나다 : have smoke / be smoky / smoke rise[goes up]
- 사건이 나다 : have an incident / an incident happens[occurs / takes place]
- 홍수가 나다 : have a flood / a flood rises
- 고장이 나다 : break (down) / have[there is] a breakdown / get out of order / go[be] wrong
- 사고가 나다 : have an accident / an accident happens
- 야단이 나다 : have trouble[a fuss] / difficulties arise[break out]
- 탈이 나다 : run into a hitch[hindrance / trouble] / [=졍나다] get[become] ill
- 전쟁이 났다 : A war broke out
- 옆집에서 불이 났다 : The fire broke out in the house next door
- 그 도시에 홍수가 났다 : The town was flooded
- 그에게 사고가 났음이 틀림없다 : An accident must have happened to him
(5) [=길·구멍이 생기다] be built; be constructed; be made; be open(ed)
<frequently used sentences>
- 새 길이 났다 : A new road is built[opened]
- 구멍이 났다 :A hole is made[opened]
- 골짜기로 내려가는 길이 나 있다 : A road leads down the valley
- 작년에 이 읍으로 철도가 났다 :A railway was built to this town last year
(6) [=감정·생각 등이 들다] occur; feel
<frequently used sentences>
- 성이 나다 = 화가 나다 : get[become / grow] angry
- 심술이 나다 : get cross[cranky] / become perverse
- 생각이 나다 : come into one's mind / occur to one / remember / recollect
- 흥이 나다 : get merry[excited]
- 재미가 나다 : become interesting / be interested
- 싫증이 나다 = 싫어지다 : become sick[tired / weary] / lose interest / [음식(about food)] be fed up
- …할 마음이 나다 : be[feel] inclined / feel like
- 막판에 와서 용기가 나지 않았다 : My courage failed me at the last moment
(7) [=약효·능률 등이 생기다] get; take; produce
<frequently used sentences>
- 약효가 나다 : tell[act / work] / talk effect
- 열성이 나다 : get enthusiastic / become assiduous
- 능률이 나다 : become efficient / produce efficiency
(8) [=생산되다] be produced; be yielded; be raised; be grown; be found
<frequently used sentences>
- 대구에서 사과가 난다 : Apples are grown in Taegu
- 이 지방은 쌀이 많이 난다 :This part of the country yields much rice
- 이 밭에서는 밀이 난다 : This field yields wheat
- 이 지방에서는 감자가 많이 난다 : A lot of potatoes are produced in this area
- 이 광산에서 금이 난다 : Gold is found in this mine
(9) [=이익이 생기다] issue ; accrue ; be derived; be obtained
<frequently used sentences>
- 토지에서 나는 이익 : profits issuing[accruing] from lands
(10) [냄새] smell; [맛] taste
<frequently used sentences>
- 좋은[나쁜] 냄새가 나다 : smell sweet[nasty]
- 맛이 나다 : be tasty / taste good[nice] / be delicious
- 매운 맛이 나다 : have a hot[biting] taste / be hot to the taste
- 신맛이 나다 : taste sour / be sour to the taste
- 장미꽃 향기가 나다 : have scents[a scent] of a rose
(11) [소리] sound; come out[forth]; make a sound[noise]
<frequently used sentences>
- 높은[날카로운] 소리가 나다 : sound loud[shrill]
- 박수 소리가 난다 : There is a handclap
- 문 두드리는 소리가 난다 : There is a knock at the door
(12) [티] have an air[a look]; look like; look; show
<frequently used sentences>
- 장사꾼티가 나는 사람 : a man looking like a shopkeeper / a man apparently a merchant
- 시골티가 나다 : wear a rustic[countrified] air / have a bit of the country about one / look rustic
- 학자티가 나다 : have the air of a scholar / have a smack of the pedant / be scholarlike[scholarly]
(13) [병 등(Illness etc)] get; become; have
<frequently used sentences>
- 병이 나다 : get sick / fall[be taken] ill
- 기침이 나다 : have a cough / cough
- 상처가 나다 = 상처가 생기다 : be[get] wounded[hurt / injured]
- 열이 나다 : become feverish / run[develop] a fever / come to have fever
- 구역질이 나다 : feel like vomiting / suffer from nausea / feel sick(ish)
- 그는 감기로 몸에 열이 났다 : He ran a fever because of his cold
- 그것을 보고 구역질이 났다 : The sight made me sick
- 그녀는 어젯밤부터 고열이 나고 있다 : She has had a high fever since last nigh
(14) [흔적·흠·결말 등(trace, flaws, conclusion, etc)] leave; turn out (to be); come out as a result; result[end] in
<frequently used sentences>
- 자국이 나다 : leave a trace (behind)
- 흠집이 나다 : flaw / crack / have a flaw[crack] / leave a scar
- 결말이 나다 : be settled / come[be brought] to a conclusion
- 끝장이 나다 : come[be brought] to an end / be finished
- 결딴 나다 : be spoilt[ruined] / go to ruin[pieces]
- 가루가 나다 = 가루가 되다 : turn to powder / get crushed / get ground
- 동이 나다 = 다 떨어지다 : become scarce / run short
(15) [=더해지다] gain ; gather
<frequently used sentences>
- 속력이 나다 : gain in velocity / gather speed
- 힘이 나다 : gain strength / [기운] cheer up / take heart
(16) [=눈밖에 나다] get out of favor
<frequently used sentences>
- 눈밖에 나다 : get out of favor / be in bad graces / be in bad with / get in wrong with
(17) [=인품이 뛰어나다] be outstanding[eminent / distinguished]; [=잘생기다] be good-looking[handsome]; be well-favored
<frequently used sentences>
- 난 사람 : an outstanding person / an extraordinary character / a bigwig
- 못나다 = 못생기다 : be ugly[plain / homely]
- 난 체하다 = 잘난 척하다 : look big / give[put] oneself airs
(18) [=나타나다] appear; make one's appearance; turn[show] up
<frequently used sentences>
- 시장에 사과가 났다 : Apples appeared in[on] the market
- 그 시대에는 많은 충신이 났다 : The age was productive of many loyal subjects
(19) (명성·소문 등이) acquire; circulate
<frequently used sentences>
- 명성이 나다 = 명성이 자자하다 : acquire[win / gain] fame / win one's renown / win[gain / earn / acquire / achieve] a reputation
- 소문이 나다 : a rumor circulates[gets abroad] / a rumor is abroad[current / in circulation] about ‥
- 그는 여색에 빠져 있다고 평판이 나 있다 : He has the reputation of being a womanizer
(20) [=기재되다] be recorded[mentioned / registered / listed]; be put on ; be given
<frequently used sentences>
- 신문에 나다 : appear[be printed / be reported] in a newspaper / be carried[published] in a daily
- 그 사건은 신문에 났다 : The affair appeared[was reported] in the papers. / The newspapers carried an account of the affair
(21) [=틈이 생기다] be vacated; become vacant[empty]; empty; open up
<frequently used sentences>
- 시간이 나다 : be free / have leisure[spare time]
- 자리가 났다 : A place[job / seat] opened up[became available]
- 방이 났다 : A room was available[vacant]
- 빈 집이 났다 : A house was vacant (for rent)
(22) [계절(season)] pass ; tide over; go[get] through
<frequently used sentences>
- 겨울을 나다 : pass the winter / see winter through / winter
- 외투 없이 겨울을 나다 : go through the winter without an overcoat
(23) [나이(age)] be old
<frequently used sentences>
- 여덟 살 난 아이 : a child of eight
- 열두 살 난 여학생 : a twelve-year-old schoolgirl
(24) [=되다] become; be + passive form
<frequently used sentences>
- 탄로 나다 : be disclosed[revealed]
2) 나다 has the following meanings
(1) [=계속되어 나아가다] keep[go on]
<frequently used sentences>
- 차차 자라나면 알게 될 것이다 : If you grow older, you'll come to understand it
• 자라나다 : grow up <-- 자라다(grow up) + 나다(keep ...ing)
(2) [=완료되다] have (just) finished
<frequently used sentences>
- 한잠 자고 나니 정신이 새롭다 : I have had a nap and now I feel much refreshed
- 할 말을 하고 나니 속이 후련했다 : After I had said my say I felt my mind unburdened[as if a burden had been lifted off my mind]
- 숙제를 끝내고 나니 마음이 놓인다 : I feel much relieved to have finished my homework.
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