Let's learn about "일다"

* 일다 has the following meanings

* 인다 : present tense of 일다 by '-ㄴ'

* 일었다 : past tense of 일다 by '-었-'

1) [파도 등(wave etc)] run high; [바람(wind)] rise; get up; spring up; [사건 등(incident etc)] happen; break out

- 이 비누는 거품이 잘 인다 : This soap lathers well

- 가을 바람이 일었다[일기 시작했다] : An autumn breeze has risen[begun to blow]

- 자동차가 지나가자 먼지가 일었다 : A cloud of dust rose when the cars passed

- 태풍이 다가와 파도가 일고 있다 : The waves are high because a typhoon is coming

- 바람이 불어 먼지가 일었다 : The wind raised[stirred up / whirled up] the dust

2) [=왕성하여지다] grow violent[fierce]; rise[increase] in violence; [=번창하다] prosper; grow prosperous; flourish

- 살림이 일다 : rise to fortune / come to wealth / spring into affluence

- 세력이 일다 : increase in power / gain in influence

- 거리의 한 모퉁이에서 불길이 일었다 : A fire broke out in one corner of the town

3) (보풀 등이) be nappy[fluffy]

- 보풀이 인 천 : cloth with a rough nap

4) (쌀 등을) wash; clean by washing

- 사금을 일다 : wash for gold / [냄비로(by a pot)] pan gold

- 쌀을 일다 : wash rice to remove stones / clean rice

Let's learn about "일어나다"

* 일어나다 has the following meanings <-- 일다(happen, occur, take place, spring up) + -어(a connection suffix between two verb) + 나다(come out; spring up; sprout; be born; come into existence)

* 일어난다 : present tense of 일어나다 by '-ㄴ'

* 일어났다 : past tense of 일어나다 by '-았-'

1) [=잠을 깨다] wake up; awake; [잠·병석에서] rise from one's bed; get up

- 일찍 일어나는 사람 : an early riser

- 일찍 일어나다 : get up early / rise early

- 그가 잠자리에서 일어난 것은 정오를 지나서였다 : It was past noon when he got out of bed

- 그는 외아들을 잃은 고통과 좌절에서 일어나지 못했다 : He never recovered from the painful loss of his only son

- 자, 일어나요 : Wake up! / Get up!

- 언제나 아침 일찍[늦게] 일어난다 : I am an early[a late] riser

- 잠을 깼을 때는 모두 일어나 있었다 : When I awoke, everybody was up

- 어젯밤은 자지 않고 일어나 있었다 : I sat[stayed / was] up all night (last night)

2) [=일어서다] stand up

- 그녀는 노인에게 자리를 양보하기 위해 일어났다 : She stood up to give her seat to an old man

- 그는 비틀비틀하면서 일어났다 : He staggered to his feet

- 다리가 저려 일어날 수가 없다  :I can't stand up because my legs have gone to sleep

3) [=발생하다] happen; occur; take place; come about; arise; break out

- 내각 퇴진을 요구하는 운동이 국민들 간에 일어났다 : A movement arose among the people to demand the Cabinet to resign en bloc

- 전쟁이 곧 일어날 것 같다 : It looks as if a war is imminent. / War fires are beginning to smolder

- 무슨 일이 일어나도 당황해서는 안 된다 : You must not be upset whatever may happen

- 엄청난 사고가 일어났다 : A terrible accident has occurred. / There has been a terrible accident

- 학교에서 폭력 사건이 일어났다 : Violence broke out at the school

- 이웃간에 말썽[다툼 / 싸움]이 일어났다 : Trouble[A dispute / A quarrel] arose among the neighbors

- 군중 사이에서 감탄의 소리가 일어났다 : Voices of surprise rose among the crowd. / There were cries of surprise from the crowd

- 이 도시에 커다란 변화가 일어나고 있다 : A great change has taken place in this city

4) [=발흥하다] spring up; come into being; arise

- 최근 각종 신흥 공업이 일어났다 : Various new industries have sprung up lately

5) [=성하게 되다] rise; flourish; prosper; be prosperous; revive

- 나라가 크게 일어났다 : A nation rode the wave of a great prosperity

- 그의 집안은 그의 대에 이르러 크게 일어났다 : In his days, the family prospered

6) [=불이 발생하다] be kindled; be made; burn; get lively; rise

- 불이 잘 일어난다 : The fire is burning lively

7) [=바람이 불다] rise; blow; come up

- 별안간 큰 바람이 일어났다 : All of a sudden, a great wind came up

8) [=열·전기가 생기다] be produced[generated]

- 나무토막을 비벼 대니 열이 일어났다 : Heat was generated by rubbing the pieces of wood together

- 화학 섬유의 속옷에서는 정전기가 곧잘 일어난다 : Underwear of synthetic fibers easily generates static electricity

9) [=기인하다] come of; originate ; have its origin ; arise[spring / result]

- 그것은 모두 나의 오해에서 일어났다 : It was all caused by[due to] my misunderstanding

- 분쟁은 주민들의 이기주의적 태도에서 일어났다 : The trouble originated in the self-centered attitude of the residents

- 이번 실패는 과신(過信)에서 일어난 것이다 : The failure resulted from overconfidence. / This failure came of overconfidence

- 그들의 불화는 무엇 때문에 일어났느냐? : What started[triggered off] their hostility?

- 우리들의 싸움은 사소한 오해로 일어났다 : Our quarrel originated in a trivial misunderstanding

Let's learn about "저 먼저 일어나도 될까요?"

저 먼저 일어나도 될까요? : May I be excused?; Could I be excused?; I’ll have to excuse myself

[other expressions]

- 나 먼저 일어나도 되니? (to younger people or friends)

- 나 먼저 일어나도 되나? (to younger people or friends)

- 나 먼저 일어나도 되냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 나 먼저 일어나도 돼? (to younger people or friends)

- 나 먼저 일어나도 될까? (to younger people or friends)

- 나 먼저 일어나도 되는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 저 먼저 일어나도 되나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저 먼저 일어나도 돼요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저 먼저 일어나도 될까요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저 먼저 일어나도 되는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저 먼저 일어나도 됩니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 저 먼저 일어나도 되겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘-스’)

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word to younger people or friends)

* 저 : I (honourific word to the elderly)

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; when this omitted, the sentence is more natural

* 먼저 : (1) [=앞서서] first; ahead (2) [=우선] first of all; above all; before anything else

* 일어나다 : stand up

* 일어났다 : past tense of 일어나다 by '-았-'

* 일어난다 : present tense of 일어나다 by '-ㄴ-'

* 일어나도 : 일어나(the stem of 일어나다) + -아도

* -어도 / -여도 / -아도 : a subordinate connection suffix that acknowledges the fact but has nothing to do with the following words means "but; yet; even though"

- 싫어도 가야 한다 : Even if you don't like it, you have to go

- 재물은 적어도 마음은 넉넉하다 = (그는) 재물은 적지만 그러나 마음은 넉넉하다 : He has little wealth, but he has a generous heart

- 눈이 와도 쌓이지는 않는다 : It doesn't pile up even if it snows

- (그는) 키는 작아도 힘은 세다 : He's short but strong

* 되다 : (1) become (2) [In interrogative with -어도 / -여도] Could ~;  Can ~

* 돼? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 될까? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 됩니까 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㅂ니까(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 되겠습니까? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will)+ -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -는가? / -어? / -ㄹ까? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -나? / -는가? / -어? / -ㄹ까? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㅂ니까? / -겠습니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ-‘ / ‘스’

Let's learn about "맛있게 먹었습니다"

맛있게 먹었습니다 : It was great; The dinner was delicious; The food was fabulous; Wow, what a feast! I loved it.

* 잔치 / 연회 : feast

[other expressions]

- 잘 먹었다. (to the younger people or friends)

- 잘 먹었네. (to the younger people or friends)

- 잘 먹었어. (to the younger people or friends)

- 잘 먹었네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 잘 먹었어요. (honourific by '-요')

- 잘 먹었습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스-')

- 맛있게 먹었다. (to the younger people or friends)

- 맛있게 먹었네. (to the younger people or friends)

- 맛있게 먹었어. (to the younger people or friends)

- 맛있게 먹었네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 맛있게 먹었어요. (honourific by '-요')

- 맛있게 먹었습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스-')

[explanations]

* 잘 : well

* 맛있는 : [Pronunciation: 마싣는] delicious

* 맛있게 : [Pronunciation: 마싣께] an adverb form of 맛있는 by '-게'

* 맛있다 : [Pronunciation: 마시따] be  delicious

* 먹다 : [Pronunciation: 먹따] eat

* 먹었다 : past tense of 먹다 by '-었-'

* 먹는다 : present tense of 먹다 by '-는-'

* 먹었습니다 : 먹었(the stem of 먹었다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* a verb + -ㄴ다 / -다 / -네 / -어 / -아 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -아 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-' / '-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "맛있게 먹겠습니다"

잘 먹겠습니다 = 맛있게 먹겠습니다 : Thank you for the meal; I'll eat the meal

[other expressions]

- 잘 먹겠네. (to younger people or friends)

- 잘 먹을게. (to younger people or friends)

- 잘 먹을게요. (honourific by '요')

- 잘 먹겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by '-스')

- 맛있게 먹을게. (to younger people or friends)

- 맛있게 먹을게요. (honourific by '요')

- 맛있게 먹겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by '-스')

[explanations]

* 잘 : well

* 맛있는 : [Pronunciation: 마싣는] delicious

* 맛있게 : [Pronunciation: 마싣께] an adverb form of 맛있는 by '-게'

* 맛있다 : [Pronunciation: 마시따] be  delicious

* 먹다 : [Pronunciation: 먹따] eat

* -겠- : [어미:Ending of a Word] (1) 미래의 일이나 추측을 나타내는 어미.(An ending of a word referring to a future event or assumption) (2) 말하는 사람의 의지를 나타내는 어미(An ending of a word referring to the speaker's will) (3) 가능성이나 능력을 나타내는 어미(An ending of a word indicates possibility or ability)

- [추측] 그 사람 오늘 오겠지 = 그 사람 오늘 올 거야 : He'll be here today

- [의지] 제가 하겠습니다 : I'll do it

- [가능성] 그런 것은 삼척동자도 알겠다 : Everybody know that

- [능력] 이걸 어떻게 혼자 다 하겠니? = 이건 혼자 할 수 없어 : How can I do this all by myself

* 먹겠네 : 먹(the stem of 먹다) + -겠(the speaker's will) + -네(a non-honouricic bssic verb ending suffix)

* 먹을게요 : 먹(the stem of 먹다) + --을(a suffix makss a verb future tense) + -게(the speaker's will) + -요(an honouricic ending suffix)

* 먹겠습니다 : : 먹(the stem of 먹다) + -겠(the speaker's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* a verb + -네 / -을게 : a non-honourifc descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -을게 + -요 : an honouricic ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다: an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-'

Let's learn about "이런 / 저런"

* 이런 has the following meanings

1) [=이러한] such; this; like this; such ‥ as this; of this kind[sort]

- 이런 정세 아래 : under these (special) circumstances

- 이런 편지 : such a letter as this / a letter of this sort

- 이런 때[경우]는 : in a case like this

- 이런 곤란한 때에는 : in these hard times / in hard times such as these

- 이런 실정이니 양해해 주시기 바랍니다 : Such being the case, please understand our position

- 이런 일은 좀처럼 일어나지 않는다 : Such things seldom happen. / Things like this seldom happen

- 이런 종류의 범죄는 드물다 : This sort of crime is rare

- 나는 이런 것을 들어 본 적이 없다 : I have never heard of such a thing[anything like this]

- 이런 좋은 기회가 다시는 없을 것이다 : There will never be such a good chance as this again

- 이런 까닭에 나는 하루 종일 집에 있었다 : Such being the case, I stayed home all day. / That was why I was at home all day

2) [=놀라울 때 내는 소리] Oh; Oh dear!; [a man's word] Oh, damn!; [a woman's word] Good gracious[heavens]!; Oh, my!

- 이런, 또 실수를 했군! : Oh, damn! I've made a mistake again

- 이런, 어처구니없군! : Oh, how stupid!

- 이런, 벌써 돌아갈 시간인 걸! : Why! It's time to go home already

- 이런, 웬 소동일까! : What's that noise, I wonder

- 이런, 벌써 10시인가! : My, is it already ten o'clock?

* 저런 has the following meanings

1) [=저러한] such; that; that sort[kind] of; like that

- 저런 남자 : a man like that / such a man as that

- 저런 나쁜 짓은 반드시 드러나고야 만다 : Such evildoing as that never fails to come out

- 저런 사람들은 참을 수가 없다 : I cannot endure those like them[men of that sort]

- 이런 일 저런 일로 바쁘다 : I am very busy with one thing or other

2) [=가볍게 놀라는 모양] Dear me!; Oh, dear!; Great[Good] heavens!; Good[My] gracious!; My god!

- 저런, 야단났군! : Mercy on me! / Good gracious!

- 저런, 또 시작했군! : There you go again!

Let's learn about "대신"

1) 대신 : [大臣] a minister (of State); a State[Cabinet] minister; a Cabinet member; a Secretary

- 대신의 : ministerial

- 대신의 직[자리] : a portfolio / ministership / a Cabinet position

- 대신이 되다 : become[be appointed] a (State) minister / enter the Cabinet / receive a portfolio

2) 대신 : [代身]

(1) [=대리·대용] substitution; vicariousness; [=대용품·대리인] a substitute; a sub; [=대리인] a deputy; a proxy;  an alternate; [=교대자] a relief

- … 대신에 : in place of / instead of / for / in substitute for / in lieu of / on[in] behalf of / in the name of / as (a) substitute for / in the room of

- 가는 대신에 : instead of going

- 대신으로 : as a substitute

- 쌀 대신에 먹는 식량 / a substitute for rice

- …의 대신이 되다 : serve as[for] ‥ / do duty for ‥

- 버터 대신에 마가린을 쓰다 : substitute butter by margarine / substitute margarine for butter

- 남 대신에 투표하다 : vote in the name of another

- 육류 대신에 어류를 먹다 : eat fish in the room of meat

- 이것은 모자 대신에 쓸 수 있다  :This will do for a hat. / This will serve as a hat

- 요즈음은 만년필 대신에 볼펜을 쓴다 : We now use ball-point pens instead of fountain pens

- 그 사람 대신(에) 그 여자가 왔다 : She came in his place

- 내 대신(에) 참석해 주시지 않겠습니까?: Will you attend the meeting for me[in my place]?

- 남편이 내 대신(에) 비자를 신청해 주었다 : My husband applied for my visa for me[on my behalf]

- 나는 그녀 대신(에) 그녀의 아들의 안전을 빌어 주었다 : I prayed for her son's safety for her[in her place]

- 자네가 못 가면 그 사람을 대신(에) 보내게 : If you cannot go, let him go instead

- 어떤 자리건 그 사람 대신(에) 들어앉기는 싫다 : I wouldn't be in his shoes for anything

* 대신하다 : take the place of; act as a substitute; take place; be substituted ; [=교대하다] relieve

- 일동을 대신하여 : on behalf of the company

- 내 아들이 나를 대신할 것이다 : My son shall be my proxy

- 형이 아버지를 ~했다 My brother took our father's place

- 그의 외유 중에 누가 그를 대신합니까? : Who will take his place while he is abroad?

- 좀 대신해 주게  :Just take my place, will you?

- 기계가 반드시 인력을 대신할 수 있는 것은 아니다 : Machinery cannot always take the place of human labor

- 협회를 대신해서 인사 말씀을 드리겠습니다 : Allow me to say a few words on behalf of the association

- 클래스 일동을 대신해서 내가 입원중인 그를 문병했다 : I went to see him in[in the] hospital on behalf of the whole class

- 아버님을 대신하여 인사 말씀을 올리겠습니다 : Allow me to say a few words of greeting on behalf of my father

- 나는 그를 대신해서 책임을 질 생각이다 : I intend to take the blame for[in place of] him

- 서면으로 인사를 대신하겠습니다 : Please allow me to send you a letter instead of[in place of] paying you a visit

- 해외 여행을 위하여 제트기가 배를 대신하게 되었다 : For overseas travel jets have supplanted[taken the place of] ships

- 적자에 쪼들린 단거리 철도선이 폐지되면 버스가 대신하게 되어 있다 : After service on the debt-ridden local railway lines is discontinued, bus service will be substituted for it

- 그를 대신할 만한 사람을 구할 수가 없다 : We cannot find a substitute for him

- 회계 담당이 그만두었으니 대신할 사람을 찾아야만 한다 : As the accountant has resigned, we have to look for someone to take his place

(2) [=대상(代償)] compensation; return; [=교환] exchange

- 대신에 : by way of compensation / in compensation / in return / to make up / in exchange

- 어제 깬 컵 에 대신하나 사 드리겠습니다 : I'll replace the cup I broke yesterday

- 톰은 자기가 잃어버린 내 나이프 대신에 새 것을 주었다 : Tom gave me a new knife to replace my old one, which he had lost

- 네가 브로치를 준다면 대신 내 시계를 줄게 : I'll give you my watch, if you give me your brooch in exchange (for it)

- 그녀가 가사를 돌봐 주는 대신 나는 그녀에게 영어를 가르쳐 주고 있다 : I teach her English in exchange for[in return for] her help with housekeeping

* 대신하다 : replace

- 전산 사식이 손으로 하는 식자를 대신하게 되었다 : Typesetting by hand has been replaced[superseded] by computerized phototypesetting

(3) [=한편] but; though; while

- 값이 비싼 대신 품질이 좋다 : The quality is good though it is expensive. / It is dear but the quality is good

- 적도 많지만 대신에 친구도 많다 : I have as many friends as enemies

- 그는 두뇌가 명석한 대신 몸이 튼튼하지 못하다 : He has a sharp mind, but he's not strong physically

- 그 처녀는 인물은 별로 없지만 그 대신에 마음씨가 고왔다 : She wasn't very good-looking, but she had a very tender heart to make up for it

- 그는 특별히 재능이 있는 것은 아니나 그 대신 여간 열심히 노력하는 것이 아니다 : He is not particularly talented, but he more than makes up for it with hard work

Let's learn about "밥맛이 없는데, 빵 먹어도 돼요?"

밥맛이 없는데, 빵 먹어도 돼요? : I don’t feel like rice. Can I get bread?; I don’t feel like having rice. Could I get bread instead?; I’m not in the mood for rice. I want to have bread; I don’t want to have rice. Do you have any bread?

* ~ 생각이 없다 : not feel like ~

ex)

A. 밥 생각은 별로 없는데. 대신 빵 먹어도 돼요? : I don’t feel like rice. Can I get bread instead?

B. 이런, 빵은 다 떨어졌네요 : Oh no, we ran out of bread

[other expressions]

- 밥맛이 없다. (to younger people or friends)

- 밥맛이 없네. (to younger people or friends)

- 밥맛이 없어. (to younger people or friends)

- 밥맛이 없는데. (to younger people or friends)

- 밥맛이 없군! (to younger people or friends)

- 밥맛이 없구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 밥맛이 없네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 밥맛이 없어요. (honourific by '-요')

- 밥맛이 없군요! (honourific by '-요')

- 밥맛이 없습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 빵 먹어도 되니? (to younger people or friends)

- 빵 먹어도 되나? (to younger people or friends)

- 빵 먹어도 되냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 빵 먹어도 돼? (to younger people or friends)

- 빵 먹어도 될까? (to younger people or friends)

- 빵 먹어도 되는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 빵 먹어도 되나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 빵 먹어도 돼요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 빵 먹어도 될까요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 빵 먹어도 되는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 빵 먹어도 됩니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 빵 먹어도 되겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘-스’)

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word to younger people or friends)

* 저 : I (honourific word to the elderly)

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; when this omitted, the sentence is more natural

* 난 : a short form of 나는; this omitted

* 전 : a short form of 저는; this omitted

* 밥맛 : (1) The taste of rice (2) [=식욕•입맛] appetite (3) [=불쾌한 사람] an unpleasant person

- 오늘 밥맛(이) 좋다 : Today's rice tastes good

- 밥맛을 한번 볼까요? : Shall we taste the rice first?

- 햅쌀이라 밥맛이 좋을 거예요 : It's newly harvested rice and will be more tasty

- 그 이야기를 듣고 밥맛이 싹 달아났다 : That story made me lose my appetite

- 밥맛(이) 없다  : have no appetite

- 밥맛(이) 떨어지다 : lose one´s appetite

- 그는 밥맛 떨어진다 : he is nauseating; he is an unpleasant person

- 우리끼리 이야긴데, 그 녀석 정말 밥맛 없어 : Between you and me, he is really nauseating

* 밥맛 of the sentence can be replaced by 식욕

* 식욕 : [食慾] appetite; desire to eat 

* (-이/-가) 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have in the sentence

* (-이/-가) 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be not ; noe exist; there is[are] not (2) don't have in the sentence

* 없어요 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 없습니다 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* 없는데 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -ㄴ데/-는데(A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow: 뒤의 말을 하기 위하여 그 대상과 관련이 있는 상황을 미리 말함을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* a verb + -ㄴ다 / -네 / -어 / -아 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -아 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-' / '-ㅂ’

* 저 : I (honourific word to the elderly)

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; when this omitted, the sentence is more natural

* 난 : a short form of 나는; this omitted

* 전 : a short form of 저는; this omitted

* 빵 : bread

* -을 : a particle makes 빵 objective after a word ends in a consonant: this omitted

* 먹다 : [Pronunciation: 먹따] eat

* 먹었다 : past tense of 먹다 by '-었-'

* 먹는다 : present tense of 먹다 by '-는-'

* 먹어도 : 먹(the stem of 먹다) + -어도

* -어도 / -여도 / -아도 : a subordinate connection suffix that acknowledges the fact but has nothing to do with the following words means "but; yet; even though"

- 싫어도 가야 한다 : Even if you don't like it, you have to go

- 재물은 적어도 마음은 넉넉하다 = (그는) 재물은 적지만 그러나 마음은 넉넉하다 : He has little wealth, but he has a generous heart

- 눈이 와도 쌓이지는 않는다 : It doesn't pile up even if it snows

- (그는) 키는 작아도 힘은 세다 : He's short but strong

* 되다 : (1) become (2) [In interrogative with -어도 / -여도] Could ~;  Can ~

* 돼? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 될까? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 됩니까 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㅂ니까(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 되겠습니까? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will)+ -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -는가? / -어? / -ㄹ까? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -나? / -는가? / -어? / -ㄹ까? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㅂ니까? / -겠습니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ-‘ / ‘스’

* 생각 : (1) [=사고(思考)] thinking; [=사상] (a) thought; ideas (2)  [=관념·착상] an idea; a notion; a conception; a thought; [=취향] a plan; [=창의] initiative

- 좋은[멋진] 생각 : a capital[bright / happy / good] idea

- 잘못된 생각 : a mistaken[wrong] idea

- 생각이 떠오르다 : (1) [사람(human being)] think of / hit on[upon] / [사물(thing)] occur to one

* 생각하다 = 생각을 하다 : (1) [=사고하다] think (2) [=의견·견해를 갖다] view ; take a view ; be of (the) opinion

* 밥 생각 : Thinking about rice[meal]

* -은 : a particle makes 밥 생각 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 별로 : [別로] (1) in particular; particularly; specially; especially; very; much (2) [as the short form of 별로 아니다•별로이다] not particularly; never

- 오늘은 별로 바쁘지 않다 : I am not particularly busy today

- 아니 별로 : not really; never

* 없는데 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -ㄴ데/-는데(A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow: 뒤의 말을 하기 위하여 그 대상과 관련이 있는 상황을 미리 말함을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 대신 = 대신에 : instead of; in place of

* 이런 : Oh, no!

* 빵 : bread

* -은 : a particle makes 빵 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 다 : all

* 떨어지다 : (1) [=낙하하다·추락하다] fall; drop; get[have] a fall; come[go] down; be down; (비행기 등이) crash; (액체가) drip (2) [=(해·달이) 지다] set; sink; go down (3) [=분리되다] separate; part from[with]; fall apart (4) (붙었던 것이) come off; come apart; be off; become disjoined (5) run out of someting (in the sentence)

* 떨어졌다 : past tense of 떨어지다 by '-였-'

* 떨어졌네요 : 떨어졌(the stem of 떨어졌다) + -네(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let's learn about "오늘은 빵이 특히 당긴다"

오늘은 빵이 특히 당긴다 : I have craving for bread today

[other expressions]

- 오늘은 빵이 특히 당긴다. (to younger people or friends)

- 오늘은 빵이 특히 당기네. (to younger people or friends)

- 오늘은 빵이 특히 당기는군! (to younger people or friends)

- 오늘은 빵이 특히 당기는구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 오늘은 빵이 특히 당기네요. (honourific by '요')

- 오늘은 빵이 특히 당기는군요. (honourific by '요')

- 오늘은 빵이 특히 당겨요. (honourific by '요')

- 오늘은 빵이 특히 당깁니다. (formal; more honourific by '-스')

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word to younger people or friends)

* 저 : I (honourific word to the elderly)

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; when this omitted, the sentence is more natural

* 난 : a short form of 나는; this omitted

* 전 : a short form of 저는; this omitted

* 오늘 : today

* -은 : a suffix emphasizes 오늘

* 빵 : bread

* -이 : a particle makes 라면 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 특히 : [特히] specially; expressly; in special (measure); in specialty; [=각별히] especially; in special; particularly; in particular; peculiarly; [=무엇보다] above all; before everything else <-- 특(being special) + -히(a suffix makes a word adverb)

* 당기다 : [입맛이 당기다] stimulate[whet / provoke / arouse / tempt / appeal to] ; be stimulated; want to eat

- 입맛이 당기는 음식 : an appetizing food

- 입맛이 당기다 : have a good appetite

* 당긴다 : present form of 당기다 by '-ㄴ다'

* 당겨 : 당기(the stem of 당기다) + -여(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 당깁니다 : 당기(the stem of 당기다)  + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* a verb + --ㄴ다 / -다 / -네 / -여 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -는군! / -는구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -여 / -는군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "밥 좀 더 주세요"

밥 좀 더 주세요 : Can I have some more rice?; I’d like some more rice; Could you get me some more rice?; Can I get another serving of rice?

[other expressions]

- 밥 좀 더 줘. (to younger people or friends)

- 밥 좀 더 줘라. (to younger people or friends)

- 밥 좀 더 줘요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 밥 좀 더 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 밥 좀 더 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 밥 좀 더 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 밥 좀 더 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)

- 밥 좀 더 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 밥 좀 더 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 밥 좀 더 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 밥 : a cooked rice

* -을 : a particle makes 밥 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted

* 좀 : a short form of 조금(a little)

* 더 : more

* 주다 : give

* 줘 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")

* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"

* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”

Let's learn about "그릇"

* 그릇 has the following meanings

1) [=용기] a receptacle; a container; a bowl; [=액체를 담는 용기] a vessel

- 밥그릇 : a rice bowl

- 놋그릇 : a brazen vessel

- 질그릇 : an earthen vessel / an earthen ware

2) [=능력·도량] caliber; (calibre); capacity; capability; ability

- 그릇이 큰[작은] 사람 : a man of high[poor] caliber

- 그 사람은 그 일을 할 만한 그릇이 못 돼 : He is not equal to it. / He is by no means qualified for it. / He has not got what it takes

- 그는 대통령이 될 그릇이 아니다 : He is not of the stature of a president. / He is not presidential material. / He doesn't have what it takes[isn't cut out] to be president. / He is not of presidential caliber[stature]

3) [=그르게] wrongly; misguidedly; falsely; erroneously; mistakenly

- 그릇 생각하다 : misunderstand / mistake

- 그릇 판단하다 : judge wrong / misjudge / miscalculate / error in one's judgement

- 사람을 그릇보다 : judge a person wrongly / misjudge a person / make a wrong estimation of a person / make a mistake in one's estimate of a person / be deceived in a person

Let's learn about "국 한 그릇 더 주세요"

국 한 그릇 더 주세요 : Can I have one more bowl of soup?; Can I have another serving of soup?; I’d like some more soup, please; I’d like another serving of soup

ex)

A. 국 한 그릇 더 먹어도 돼요? : Can I have one more bowl of soup?

B. 당연하지, 많이 먹어 : Sure, help yourself.

[other expressions]

- 국 한 그릇 더 줘. (to younger people or friends)

- 국 한 그릇 더 줘라. (to younger people or friends)

- 국 한 그릇 더 줘요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 국 한 그릇 더 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 국 한 그릇 더 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 국 한 그릇 더 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 국 한 그릇 더 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)

- 국 한 그릇 더 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 국 한 그릇 더 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 국 한 그릇 더 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 국 : soup

* 한 : one

* 그릇 : [=용기] a receptacle; a container; a bowl; [=액체를 담는 용기] a vessel

- 밥그릇 : a rice bowl

- 놋그릇 : a brazen vessel

- 질그릇 : an earthen vessel / an earthen ware

* -을 : a particle makes 한 그릇 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted

* 더 : more

* 주다 : give

* 줘 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")

* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"

* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”

* 먹다 : [Pronunciation: 먹따] eat

* 먹었다 : past tense of 먹다 by '-었-'

* 먹는다 : present tense of 먹다 by '-는-'

* 먹어도 : 먹(the stem of 먹다) + -어도

* -어도 / -여도 / -아도 : a subordinate connection suffix that acknowledges the fact but has nothing to do with the following words means "but; yet; even though"

- 싫어도 가야 한다 : Even if you don't like it, you have to go

- 재물은 적어도 마음은 넉넉하다 = (그는) 재물은 적지만 그러나 마음은 넉넉하다 : He has little wealth, but he has a generous heart

- 눈이 와도 쌓이지는 않는다 : It doesn't pile up even if it snows

- (그는) 키는 작아도 힘은 세다 : He's short but strong

* 되다 : (1) become (2) [In interrogative with -어도 / -여도] Could ~;  Can ~

* 돼? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 돼요? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 됩니까? ? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 당연 : [當然] the stem of 당연하다; this is often used instead of 당연한 / 당연하다

* 당연한 : rightful; proper; fair; reasonable; natural; justifiable; just

- 그가 땅의 소유권을 주장하는 것은 당연한 이치이다 : It stands to reason that he should claim the ownership of the land

- 그가 사과했다고 들었는데, 지극히 당연한 일이다 : I hear that he apologized, which was only right

- 그렇게 하는 것은 주부로서 아주 당연한 일이다 : It is quite natural[reasonable] for a wife to act that way

- 그녀가 그를 피하는 것에는 당연한 이유가 있다 : She shuns him with (good) reason. / She has (a) good reason for shunning him

- 그가 당연한 일인듯 나의 허락을 맡으러 왔다 : He came to ask my permission as a matter of course

* 당연하게 : an adverb form of 당연하다 by '-게"

* 당연하다 : be rightful; be proper; be fair; be reasonable; be natural; be justifiable; be just; [=놀랄 일이 아니다] be no wonder

* 당연했다 : past tense of 당연하다 by '-었-'

* 당연하지 : 당연하다 + -지(A sentence-final ending used when the speaker confirms and says something that the listener thought he/she already knew)

* 많은 : many; much; a lot

* 많다 : [Pronunciation: 만타] be many; be much; be a lot

* 많이 : an adverb form of 많다

* 먹어 : 먹(the stem of 먹다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

Let's learn about "좀 싱거워요"

좀 싱거워요 :; It needs more seasoning.

좀 맹맹한데 / 좀 슴슴한데 / 좀 심심한데 : It’s a little bland

 

소금 좀 더 넣어야 할 거 같은데 : It needs (more) salt; Add more salt

ex)

A. 어때? :  What do you think?

B. 좀 싱겁네. 소금 좀 더 넣자 : It’s a little bland. Let’s add some salt

[other expressions]

- 좀 싱겁다. (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 싱겁네. (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 싱거워. (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 싱겁군! (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 싱겁구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 싱거운데 (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 싱겁네요. (honourific by '요')

- 좀 싱겁군요. (honourific by '요')

- 좀 싱거워요. (honourific by '요')

- 좀 싱거운데요. (honourific by '요')

- 좀 싱겁습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 좀 맹맹하다. (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 맹맹하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 맹맹해. (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 맹맹하군! (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 맹맹하구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 맹맹한데 (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 맹맹하네요. (honourific by '요')

- 좀 맹맹하군요. (honourific by '요')

- 좀 맹맹해요. (honourific by '요')

- 좀 맹맹한데요. (honourific by '요')

- 좀 맹맹합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

- 좀 슴슴하다. (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 슴슴하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 슴슴해. (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 슴슴하군! (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 슴슴하구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 슴슴한데 (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 슴슴하네요. (honourific by '요')

- 좀 슴슴하군요. (honourific by '요')

- 좀 슴슴해요. (honourific by '요')

- 좀 슴슴한데요. (honourific by '요')

- 좀 슴슴합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

- 좀 심심하다. (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 심심하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 심심해. (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 심심하군! (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 심심하구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 심심한데 (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 심심하네요. (honourific by '요')

- 좀 심심하군요. (honourific by '요')

- 좀 심심해요. (honourific by '요')

- 좀 심심한데요. (honourific by '요')

- 좀 심심합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

- 소금 좀 더 넣어야 할 거 같다. (to younger people or friends)

- 소금 좀 더 넣어야 할 거 같네. (to younger people or friends)

- 소금 좀 더 넣어야 할 거 같아. (to younger people or friends)

- 소금 좀 더 넣어야 할 거 같군! (to younger people or friends)

- 소금 좀 더 넣어야 할 거 같구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 소금 좀 더 넣어야 할 거 같은데 (to younger people or friends)

- 소금 좀 더 넣어야 할 거 같네요. (honourific by '요')

- 소금 좀 더 넣어야 할 거 같군요. (honourific by '요')

- 소금 좀 더 넣어야 할 거 같아요. (honourific by '요')

- 소금 좀 더 넣어야 할 거 같은데요. (honourific by '요')

- 소금 좀 더 넣어야 할 거 같습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 좀 : a short form of 조금(a little bit)

* 싱거운 : bland; not spicy

* 싱겁다 : [ㅂ 불규칙] be bland; be not spicy

* 싱거워 : 싱겁(the stem of 싱겁다; ㅂ changed into 우) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 싱거운데 : 싱겁(the stem of 싱겁다; ㅂ changed into 우) + -ㄴ데(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* ㅂ 불규칙 : ㅂ of 싱겁다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’. these days  V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation

* See : https://m.blog.naver.com/nurisejong/221050681781

* 싱겁습니다 : 싱겁(the stem of 싱겁다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 맹맹한 : bland

* 맹맹하다 : be bland

* 맹맹한데 : 맹맹하(the stem of 맹맹하다) + -ㄴ데(A sentence-final ending used to admire something while anticipating the listener's response; A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer; A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow)

* 맹맹해 : 맹맹하(the stem of 맹맹하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 맹맹합니다 : 맹맹하(the stem of 맹맹하다 + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 슴슴한 맛 : bland taste

* 슴슴하다 : (1) be bland (taste) (2) be boring

- 이 국은 너무 “슴슴하다” : This stew is too “bland”.

* 슴슴하다 is not popularly used this time. People usually uses 심심하다

(1) 심심하다(음식 맛이 조금 싱겁다)의 잘못된 표현 : The wrong expression of 'the taste of food is a little bland'

(2) [북한말] 심심하다 : the food is bland

(3) [북한말] 큰 재미가 없이 잔잔하고 무료하다 : It's not much fun, it's calm and boring


* 슴슴한데 : 슴슴하(the stem of 슴슴하다) + -ㄴ데(A sentence-final ending used to admire something while anticipating the listener's response; A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer; A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow)

* 슴슴해 : 슴슴하(the stem of 슴슴하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 슴슴합니다 : 슴슴하(the stem of 슴슴하다 + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 심심한데 : 심심하(the stem of 심심하다) + -ㄴ데(A sentence-final ending used to admire something while anticipating the listener's response; A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer; A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow)

* 심심해 : 심심하(the stem of 심심하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 심심합니다 : 심심하(the stem of 심심하다 + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

소금 좀 더 넣어야 할 거 같다

* 소금 : salt

* 좀 : a short form of 조금(a little)

* 더 : more

* 넣다 : [Pronunciation: 너타] put into

* 넣어야 : 넣(the stem of 넣다) + -어야/-아야/-여야(have to; A connective ending used when the preceding statement is an essential condition for the following statement)

* 하다 : do

* -어야 하다 / -아야 하다 / -여야 하다 : have to do

* 할 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive)

* 거 : a thing

* -를/을/-ㄹ 거 같다 = * -를/을/-ㄹ 것 같다 : I think that ~; I feel as if ~

* 같다 : [Pronunciation: 갇따] (1) be equal to (2) seem; look (3) I think in the sentence

* 같은데 : 같(the stem of 같다) + -은데(A sentence-final ending used to admire something while anticipating the listener's response; A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer; A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 / -ㄴ데 / -은데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -ㄴ데 / -은데 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

* 넣자 : 넣(the stem of 넣다) + -자(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

걱정하지 말아요 그대 - 전인권

 걱정하지 말아요 그대(Don't worry) - 들국화밴드 전인권 in 2004

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQ39r7A6nxI (김기태 on 불후의 명곡 TV Program in 2023)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsabRiEGgrE (전인권 on 불꽃밴드 TV Program in 2023)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dic27EnDDls (이적 - 응답하라 1988 OST in 2016)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhuNLx8aBDc (이적 - 응답하라 1988 OST English Lyrics)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EbLYGqSw7o (전인권 on 콘서트 7080 TV Program in 2004)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gk2fBpu2bW4 (전인권 Album 4 in 2004)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSmhaJGlwUo (하현우 on 복면가왕 TV Program in 2019)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_4VQFUc3Sw (수현 on Begin-again TV Program in BudaFest in 2020)

그대여 아무 걱정 하지 말아요

우리 함께 노래 합시다

그대 아픈 기억들 모두 그대여

그대 가슴에 깊이 묻어 버리고

지나간 것은 지나간 대로

그런 의미가 있죠

떠난 이에게 노래 하세요

후회없이 사랑했노라 말해요

그대는 너무 힘든 일이 많았죠

새로움을 잃어 버렸죠

그대 슬픈 얘기들 모두 그대여

그대 탓으로 훌훌 털어 버리고

지나간 것은 지나간 대로

그런 의미가 있죠

우리 다 함께 노래 합시다

후회없이 꿈을 꾸었다 말해요

지나간 것은 지나간 대로

그런 의미가 있죠

우리 다 함께 노래 합시다

후회없이 꿈을 꾸었다 말해요

지나간 것은 지나간 대로

그런 의미가 있죠

우리 다 함께 노래 합시다

후회없이 꿈을 꾸었다 말해요

새로운 꿈을 꾸겠다 말해요

[English Translation #1]

My dear, don’t worry about anything

Let’s sing together

Bury all the painful memories

Deep inside your heart

All things past is in the past

They all have a meaning

Sing to the one who left

Say that you loved without regrets

You went through so many difficult things

You lost that newness

All of the hardships

Brush them all off

All things past is in the past

They all have a meaning

Let’s all sing together

Say that you dreamed without regrets

All things past is in the past

They all have a meaning

Let’s all sing together

Say that you dreamed without regrets

All things past is in the past

They all have a meaning

Let’s all sing together

Say that you dreamed without regrets

Say that you will dream a new dream

[English Translation #2]

그대여 아무 걱정하지 말아요

Don't you worry

우리 함께 노래합시다

Let's sing together

그대 아픈 기억들 모두 그대여

All the memories that hurt you

그대 가슴에 깊이 묻어버리고

Bury them deep in your heart

지나간 것은 지나간대로

Everything of the past is in the past

그런 의미가 있죠

There's such meaning

떠난 이에게 노래하세요

Sing to the one who you left you

후회없이 사랑했노라 말해요

"I loved you with no regrets"

그대는 너무 힘든 일이 많았죠

You had many hardships

새로움을 잃어버렸죠

You've lost all meaning

그대 슬픈 얘기들 모두 그대여

All your sad memories

그대 탓으로 훌훌 털어버리고

Shake off all of your blame

지나간 것은 지나간대로

Everything of the past is in the past

그런 의미가 있죠

There's such meaning

우리 다함께 노래합시다

Let's all sing together

후회없이 꿈을 꾸었다 말해요

Say, "I dreamed with no regrets"

사랑한 후에 - 전인권

사랑한 후에(Broken Heart (After broke up) / After the Love has Gone) - 전인권(들국화)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cLoNl06zLlU (전인권 on Love Letter TV Program in 2005)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRVvHje12Kc (조장혁 on 불후의 명곡 TV Program in 2023)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nk1O402Hdc0 (천년의 사랑(Eternal Love) : 박완규 이소라의 프로포즈 TV Program in 1999)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q12mXYCxEWY (박완규 on 열린 무대 TV Program in 2014)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJ49As5TWzg (박완규 & 박기영 on Mystry Duet TV Program 2022)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LOQa_JrrStU (한영애 on TV Program in 2017)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AbkLAcFvj58 (전인권 Korean Lyrics)

* 들국화(camomile, wild chrysanthemum) : Korean famous rock band group, the leader is 전인권

  : https://namu.wiki/w/%EB%93%A4%EA%B5%AD%ED%99%94(%EB%B0%B4%EB%93%9C)

  : https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%93%A4%EA%B5%AD%ED%99%94_(%EB%B0%B4%EB%93%9C)

  

* Notice : It is not an original song by Deulgukhwa, but a remake of "The Palace of Versailles" by foreign singer Al Stewart with Korean lyrics. With Jeon In-kwon's unique singing method, lyrics and melodies, it is regarded as a masterpiece of wild chrysanthemum that competes with my world. The original song was created by borrowing the melody of "The Earl of Salisbury" by William Bird, a British composer in the 16th century, and the lyrics are said to be the French Revolution.

Jeon In-kwon of Deulgukhwa made a singer and sang this song when he thought of his sad feelings after his mother died, and it is a song that is still loved and gained huge popularity in Korea.

In 2001, the drama Empress Myeongseong O.S.T. was reorganized into an orchestra version in collaboration with the Seattle Symphony.

긴 하루 지나고 언덕 저 편에 빨간 석양이 물들어 가면

놀던 아이들은 아무 걱정 없이 집으로 하나 둘씩 돌아가는데

나는 왜 여기 서있나

저 석양은 나를 깨우고 밤이 내 앞에 다시 다가오는데

 

이젠 잊어야만 하는 내 아픈 기억이

별이 되어 반짝이며 나를 흔드네

저기 철길 위를 달리는 기차의 커다란 울음으로도 달랠 수 없어

나는 왜 여기 서있나

오늘밤엔 수많은 별이 기억들이 (기억들이)

내 앞에 다시 춤을 추는데

 

어디서 왔는지 내 머리위로 작은 새 한 마리 날아가네

어느새 밝아온 새벽하늘이 다른 하루를 재촉하는데

종소리는 맑게 퍼지고 저 불빛은 (저 불빛은) 누굴 위한 걸까

새벽이 내 앞에 다시 설레이는데

[English Translation #1]

긴 하루 지나고 언덕 저 편에

After a long day, on the other side of the hill

빨간 석양이 물들어 가면

When the red sunset dyes

놀던 아이들은 아무 걱정없이

Children who played, with no worries

집으로 하나- 둘씩 돌아가는데

Going home one by one

나는 왜 여기 서 있나

Why am I standing here

저 석양은 나를 깨우고

That sunset wakes me up

밤이 내 앞에 다시 다가 오는데

The night is coming before me again

이젠 잊어야만 하는 내 아픈 기억이

My painful memories that I have to forget now

별이 되어 반짝이며 나를 흔드네

Becoming a star, twinkling and shaking me

저기 철길 위를 달리는 기차의 커다란 울음으로도

Even the loud cry of the train running on the railroad track

달랠수 없어

can’t be soothed

나는 왜 여기 서 있나

Why am I standing here

오늘 밤엔 수 많은 별이 기억들이

Countless stars and memories tonight

내 앞에 다시 춤을 추는데

Dancing in front of me again

어디서 왔는지 내 머리 위로

over my head from where it came from

작은 새 한 마리 날아가네

A little bird is flying

어느 새 밝아 온 새벽 하늘이

The dawn sky, which has suddenly become brighter,

다른 하루를 재촉하는 데

hastened another day

종소리는 맑게 퍼지고

The bell sounds clear

저 불빛은 누굴 위한 걸까

Who’s that light for

새벽이 내 앞에 다시 설레이는 데

The dawn is fluttering in front of me again

[English Translation #2]

After the Love has Gone

After a long day goes by, a red sunset starts seeping in across the hill

The children who were playing start going home one by one without any worries

But why am I standing here?

That sunset awakens me and the night comes towards me again

 

My painful memories that I now must erase

Turning into twinkling stars and sway me

That train running on a railway with its loud cries cannot be pacifying me

But why am I standing here

Tonight the many stars, the memories (the memories)

Dance in front of me again

 

A little bird from nowhere is flying over my head

The dawn sky swiftly being brightened up hustles another day

A sound of bell sheerly spreads and whom is the light for

The dawn coming close me is swinging my heart

https://lyricstranslate.com

Let's learn about "맛이 어때요?"

맛이 어때요? / 맛이 괜찮아? : How does it taste?; How is it?

음식이 입에 맞아요? : How do you like it?

ex)

A. 맛이 어때? : How does it taste?

B. 맛있어. 이렇게 요리 잘하는 줄 몰랐네 : It’s great. I never knew you were a good cook

[other expressions]

- 맛이 어떠니? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 맛이 어떠냐? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 맛이 어때? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 맛이 어떤가? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 맛이 어때요? (honourific by '-요')

- 맛이어떤가요? (honourific by '-요')

- 맛이 어떠세요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 맛이 어떠셔요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 맛이 어떠십니까? (more honourific by '시-')

- 맛이 괜찮니? (to younger people or friends)

- 맛이 괜찮나? (to younger people or friends)

- 맛이 괜찮냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 맛이 괜찮아? (to younger people or friends)

- 맛이 괜찮은가? (to younger people or friends)

- 맛이 괜찮나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 맛이 괜찮아요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 맛이 괜찮은가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 맛이 괜찮으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 맛이 괜찮으셔요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 맛이 괜찮습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

- 맛이 괜찮으십니까? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

<경상 province dialect>

- 맛이 개안나? (to younger people or friends)

- 맛이 개안나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 맛이 개안습니까? (more honourific by ‘-스’)

- 음식이 입에 맞니? (to younger people or friends)

- 음식이 입에 맞나? (to younger people or friends)

- 음식이 입에 맞냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 음식이 입에 맞아? (to younger people or friends)

- 음식이 입에 맞은가? (to younger people or friends)

- 음식이 입에 맞는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 음식이 입에 맞나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 음식이 입에 맞아요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 음식이 입에 맞은가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 음식이 입에 맞는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 음식이 입에 맞으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 음식이 입에 맞으셔요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 음식이 입에 맞습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

- 음식이 입에 맞으십니까? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

[explanations]

* 맛 : taste

* -이 / -은 : a particle makes 맛 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 어떻다 : a short form of 어떠하다(be how)


* 어때? : 어떻(the stem of 어떻다; ㅎ erased before 어) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* 어떠세요? : 어떻(the stem of 어떻다; ㅎ erased before 어) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 어떠셔요? : 어떻(the stem of 어떻다; ㅎ erased before 어) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 어떠십니까? : 어떻(the stem of 어떻다; ㅎ erased before 어) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix) 


* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -지? / -는지? / -는가? / -ㄴ가? : a non-honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -어? / -지? / -는지? / -는가? / -ㄴ가? +  -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -세요? / -셔요? / -십니까? / -ㅂ니까? / -시는가요? / -시는지요? : an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix by ‘시-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’ / ‘-요’

* 괜찮다 : [Pronunciation: 괜찬타] (1) [=쓸 만하다] nice; good; not so bad; passable; fair; fine (2) [=무방하다] (사람이) may; can; be allowed to ; be justified in ; (사물이) justifiable; warrantable; all right; O.K.; will do (3) [=안심이다] safe; secure; free from danger; all right; O.K.

- 괜찮은 값[수입] : a good[fair] price[income].

- 괜찮은 사람 : a good[fine] man

- 괜찮은 여자 : a fairly pretty woman

- 맛이 괜찮다 : taste good (enough)

- 그것 괜찮다 : That's good[OK]

- 괜찮으시다면 : if you don't mind (it) / if it is convenient to you

- 문을 열어도 괜찮다 : You may open the door

- 비가 와도 괜찮다 : I don't care if it rains

- 담배를 피워도 괜찮습니까 : Do you mind if I smoke

- 어느 쪽이든 괜찮다 : Either will do

- 휴일은 아무리 많아도 괜찮다 : There is no such thing as too many holidays. / Holidays cannot be too many

- 괜찮습니다(사과에 대하여) : Never mind. / That's all right

- 고맙습니다. 이젠 괜찮습니다 : Thank you. I'm all right now

- 11월에는 겨울 오버는 안 입어도 괜찮다 : You can do without a heavy[winter] coat in November

- 네 노트를 빌리지 않아도 괜찮을 것 같다 : I believe I can manage without borrowing your notes

- …라고 말해도 괜찮다 : It is safe to say that ‥ / It may safely be said that ‥

- (위험을 벗어나) 이젠 괜찮다 : Now we are out of danger[the woods]. / We are in the clear now

- 이 건물은 지진이 일어나도 괜찮다 : This building is proof against earthquakes

- 도둑맞지 않을까 -- 아니, 괜찮아 : Will it not be stolen? -- No, there is no fear of that.

* 괜찮으세요? : 괜찮(the stem of 괜찮다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(a interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 괜찮으셔요? : 괜찮(the stem of 괜찮다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여?(a interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 괜찮습니까? : 괜찮(the stem of 괜찮다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 괜찮으십니까? : 괜찮(the stem of 괜찮다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 음식 : food

* -이 / -은 : a particle makes 맛 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 입 : mouth

* -에 : a place suffix means "to"

* 맞다 : [Pronunciation: 맏따] [=적합하다] suit ; answer[serve] ; meet ; come up to ; befit 

- 입에 맞는[맞지 않는] 음식 : an agreeable[a disagreeable] food

- 체질에 맞는 음식 : food suitable to one's constitution

- 도리에 맞는 행위 : conduct accordant [conformable] to reason

- 마음에 맞는 : after one's fancy[heart]

- 마음에 맞는 여자 : a woman after one's heart

- 그녀의 이상에 맞는 청년 : a youth who represented her ideal

- 취미에 맞는 직업 : an occupation to one's liking

- 마음에 맞다 = 마음에 들다 : suit one / suit[please / catch / take / capture / strike] fancy / suit[flatter] taste

- 이상에 맞다 : meet one's ideal / measure up to the ideal

- 취미에 맞다 : suit one's taste / be to one's liking

- 그는 장사꾼으로는 맞지 않는다 = 그는 장사꾼으로는 적합하지 않는다 : He is not of a business turn. / He isn't cut out for business[a trader]. / He won't do for[isn't suited to be] a businessman

- 내 가족 전원의 마음에 맞는[드는] 집을 구하기란 어렵다 : It is difficult to find a house which suits every member of my family

* 맞으세요? : 맞(the stem of 맞다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(a interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 맞으셔요? : 맞(the stem of 맞다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여?(a interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 맞습니까? : 맞(the stem of 맞다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 맞으십니까? : 맞(the stem of 맞다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -은가? / -는가? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -나? / -은가? / -는가? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -(으)세요? / -(으)셔요? / -(으)십니까? / -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-시-‘ / ‘-요’

* 맛있는 : [Pronunciation: 마싣는] delicious

* 맛있다 : [Pronunciation: 마싣따] be delicious

* 맛있게 : [Pronunciation: 마싣께] an adverb form of 맛있다 by '-게'

* 맛있어 : 맛있(the stem of 맛있다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 그렇게 : [Pronunciation: 그러케] like that

* 이렇게 : [Pronunciation: 이러케] like this

* 요리 : cooking

* 법 : (1) law (2) method

* 요리법 : recipe

* -를 : a particle makes 요리 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 잘하다 : do well <-- 잘(well) + 하다(do)

* 잘하는 : 잘하(the stem of 잘하다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb attribitive)

* 줄 : (1) [=방법] how to ; the way (2) [=셈속] (the fact) that

- 요리할 줄 알다 : know how to cook

- 그는 아무 것도 할 줄 모른다 : He is good for nothing

- 그런 일이 있을 줄은 꿈에도 몰랐다 : I never dreamed[Little did I dream] of such a thing. / That was the last thing I expected to happen

- 그는 내일 올 것이니 그런 줄 아시오 : He will come tomorrow, so please be prepared. / Please hear in mind that he is coming tomorrow

- 네가 이것을 쓴 줄을 그가 어찌 알겠는가 : How should he know that you wrote this?

* 알다 : know

* 알았다 : past tense of 알다 by '-았-'

* 모르다 : [ㄹ 불규칙] don't know

* 몰랐다 : past tense of 모르다 by '-았-'

* -ㄹ/-을/-를 줄 알다 : know how to

* -ㄹ/-을/-를 줄 모르다 : don't know how to

* 몰랐네 : 몰랐(the stem of 몰랐다) + -네(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

Let's learn about "차리다"

* 차리다 has the folowing meanings

1) [=장만하여 갖추다] prepare for

<frequently used sentences>

- 음식을 차리다 : serve with a meal

- 밥상을 차리다 : spread[set] the table (for dinner) / lay covers

- 저녁상을 차리다 : get supper ready

- 잔치를 차리다 : give[spread] a feast[banquet] / give[hold] a party

- 살림을 차리다 : make a new home

- 점포를 차리다 : set up a store

- 떠날 채비를 차리다 : make oneself ready for the start

- 아침 식사는 내가 차리겠습니다 : I will set the table for breakfast[prepare breakfast]

- 차린 것이 아무것도 없습니다 : We have nothing special to offer you

2) [=옷 등을 갖추어 꾸미다] dress (oneself) up; be dressed up

<frequently used sentences>

- 오늘 정말 누나는 멋지게 차리고 나가네 = 오늘 정말 누나는 멋지게 차려입고 외출하는군요 : You're really dressed up and going out today

3) [=겉으로 드러내다] keep; maintain; save; preserve; observe; pay attention

<frequently used sentences>

- 인사를 차리다 : observe decorum / keep up the common civilities of life

- 체면을 차리다 : keep up appearances

- 그는 체면을 차리기 위해 봉급을 많이 받고 있는 체했다 : He pretended to be receiving a high salary in order to keep up appearances

4) [=알아차리다] understand; catch up

<frequently used sentences>

- …을 눈치 차리다 : get the wind of 

5) [=정신을 가다듬다] come to; collect ; concentrate

6) [=욕심을 채우려 하다]

<frequently used sentences>

- 욕심 차리다 : be avaricious / be covetous / be greedy

- 제 욕심만 차리다 : be self-interested / put one's own interests above everything else

Let's learn about "저녁 준비 거의 다 됐어요"

저녁 준비 거의 다 됐어요 : Dinner’s almost ready; Dinner will be ready soon; Dinner will be served in a minute; Supper’s almost ready!

* 금방 / 바로 : in a minute

ex)

A. 저녁 준비 거의 다 됐어요 :  Dinner will be ready soon.

B. 내가 뭐 도울 거라도 없어요? = 내가 뭐 도울 거라도 있어요? : Is there anything I can do to help?

A. 그럼 식탁 차리는 걸 도와줘요 : Could you help me set the table then?

[other expressions]

- 저녁 준비 거의 다 됐다. (to younger people or friends)

- 저녁 준비 거의 다 됐네. (to younger people or friends)

- 저녁 준비 거의 다 됐어. (to younger people or friends)

- 저녁 준비 거의 다 됐어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저녁 준비 거의 다 됐네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저녁 준비 거의 다 됐습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

[explanations]

* 저녁 : (1) [=해가 질 무렵부터 밤이 오기까지의 사이(between sunset and nightfall)] evening; nightfall; dusk (2) [=저녁 식사] dinner

- 내일[오늘 / 어제] 저녁 : tomorrow[this / yesterday] evening

- 저녁종 : the evening bell / the curfew

- 저녁마다 : every evening

* -의 : a suffix makes 저녁 식사 possesive; this omitted

* 준비 : [準備] preparation(s); preliminary arrangements; preparedness; readiness

- 식사 준비가 다 된 모양이니까 식당으로 가십시다 : As the meal seems to be all ready, let's go along to the dining room

* 준비하다 : a verb form of 준비 by '-하다'

* 준비하시다 : an honourific form of 준비하다 by '-시-'

* 준비했다 : past tense of 준비하다 by '-었-'

* 준비하셨다 : past tense of 준비하시다 by '-였-'

* 음식을 준비하다 : prepared food

* -가 : a particle makes 준비 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 거의 : almost

* 다 : all

* 거의 다 : most of it; almost

- 거의 다 끝났어요? : Are we almost done?

- 치약을 거의 다 썼다 : The toothpaste tube almost empt

- 그는 식사를 거의 다 마쳤다 : He almost finished eating

* 되다 : become; See https://www.collinsdictionary.com/ko/dictionary/korean-english/이-되다_2

* 준비가 되다 = 준비되다 : get ready

* 준비가 안 되다 = 준비가 되지 않다 : be unprepared

* 됐다 : a short form of 되었다

* 되었다 : past tense of 되다 by ‘-었-‘

* 됐습니다 : 됐(the stem of 됐다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다

* a verb + -어 / -네 / - 다 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -어 / -네 + -요 : honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* 나 : I (non-honourific word); this can replaced by 내가

* 저 : I (honourific word); this can replaced by 제가

* 내 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 : I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 제 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 뭐 : what has the nuance of "well, ..."

* 돕다 : [Pronunciation: 돕따] [ㅂ 불규칙] help

[ㅂ 불규칙 규칙(V irregular rule)]

(1) the ㅂ of 돕다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’. these days  V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation

- See : https://m.blog.naver.com/nurisejong/221050681781

(2) 도울: 도 + ㅂ(V sound consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’; this changed into '우') + ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)

* 거라도 : a short form of 것이라도

* 것이라도 : 것(a thing) + -이(the stem of 이다) + -라도(A connective ending used when assuming or recognizing the truth of the preceding statement, although it is not related to or does not influence the following statement)

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have in the sentence

* 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be not ; noe exist; there is[are] not (2) don't have in the sentence

* 없어요? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 있어요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 그럼 : (1) 그러면, 그렇다면] then (2) [긍정의 대답] yes (indeed), sure, of course

- 그럼 거기서 봐 : I'll see you there then

- 그럼 그렇고말고 : Yes, of course

* 식탁 : [食卓] a (dining) table; the board; a mess table(함선의)

- 식탁 예절 : table manners

- 식탁용의 : for table use

- 식탁에 앉다 : sit down[take one's seat] at the table

- 식탁을 준비하다 = 식탁을 차리다 : set the table

- 식탁을 치우다 : clear the table

- 식탁에 둘러앉다 : sit around the table

- 식탁에 앉아 주십시오 : Please take your seat at the table

- 식탁에서는 즐거운 화제를 고르도록 해야 한다 : You must try to choose pleasant topics (of conversation) at (the) table

- 식탁보 : a cloth; a tablecloth

- 식탁 소금 : table salt

* -을 : a particle makes 식탁 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted

* 차리다 : [=장만하여 갖추다] prepare for

* 차리는 : 차리(the stem of 차리다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb attributive)

* 걸 : a short form of 것을

* 것 : a thing

* -을 : a particle makes 것 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 식탁 차리는 것 : setting the table; to set the table

* 돕다 / 도우다 : help

* 도와 : 도우(the stem of 도우다) + -아(a connecion suffix betweeb two verbs)

* 주다 : give

* 도와주다 : help with effort

* 도와줘 : 도와주(the stem of  도와주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "DO" or "Please  ~") + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let's learn about "군침"

* 군침 : excessive saliva; slaver; slobber; drool

- 군침을 흘리다 : drivel / slaver / salivate / run[dribble] at the mouth / [=부러워하다] be envious 

* 군침(이) 돌다 : feel an appetite

- 군침이 도는 : appetizing / tempting / attractive

- 그는 불고기 냄새를 맡고 군침이 돌았다 : His mouth watered when he smelled the roast meat

- 나는 좋아하는 뱀장어구이 냄새에 군침이 돌았다 : My mouth watered at the aroma of grilled eels, my favorite food

- 보기만 해도 군침이 도는 물건이다 : Only a momentary sight of the article will make you crave for it

- 저런 다이아몬드를 보면 군침이 돈다 : The sight of such a diamond is tempting[a temptation] to me

- 냄새만 맡아도 군침이 돌았다  :The mere smell of it made my mouth water[made me drool]

- 이건 수집가들이 보면 군침이 돌 물건이다  :This is an item that would make collectors' mouths water[that collectors would drool over]

* 군침(을) 삼키다 : swallow[gulp down] one's saliva

Let's learn about "군침이 도네요"

(생각만 해도) 군침이 도네요 : My mouth is watering: It’s making my mouth water: Thinking of it makes my mouth water; It makes my mouth water just thinking about it

* 침이 나다 / 침을 흘리다 : water

[other expressions]

- (생각만 해도) 군침이 돈다. (to younger people or friends)

- (생각만 해도) 군침이 도네. (to younger people or friends)

- (생각만 해도) 군침이 돌아. (to younger people or friends)

- (생각만 해도) 군침이 도는군! (to younger people or friends)

- (생각만 해도) 군침이 도는구나! (to younger people or friends)

- (생각만 해도) 군침이 도네요. (honourific by '요')

- (생각만 해도) 군침이 돌아요. (honourific by '요')

- (생각만 해도) 군침이 도는군요! (honourific by '요')

- (생각만 해도) 군침이 돕니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word to younger people or friends)

* 저 : I (honourific word to the elderly)

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; when this omitted, the sentence is more natural

* 난 : a short form of 나는

* 전 : a short form of 저는

* 생각 : (1) [=사고(思考)] thinking; [=사상] (a) thought; ideas (2)  [=관념·착상] an idea; a notion; a conception; a thought; [=취향] a plan; [=창의] initiative

- 좋은[멋진] 생각 : a capital[bright / happy / good] idea

- 잘못된 생각 : a mistaken[wrong] idea

- 생각이 떠오르다 : (1) [사람(human being)] think of / hit on[upon] / [사물(thing)] occur to one

* 생각하다 = 생각을 하다 : (1) [=사고하다] think (2) [=의견·견해를 갖다] view ; take a view ; be of (the) opinion

* 생각만 하다 : 생각 + -만(only) + 하다(do)

* 해도 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contrcated into 해) + -어도/-아도(A connective ending used when assuming or recognizing the truth of the preceding statement, although it is not related to or does not influence the following statement)

* 군침 : excessive saliva; slaver; slobber; drool

* -이 : a particle makes 군침 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 돌다 : [ㄹ 불규칙] (1) turn (2) [침(saliva)] come out

* 돈다 : present tense of 돌다 by '-ㄴ다'

* 도네 : 돌(the stem of 돌다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -네(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 도는군 : 돌(the stem of 돌다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -는군!(a non-honourific exclamative verb ending suffix)

* 도는구나! : 돌(the stem of 돌다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -는구나!!(a non-honourific exclamative verb ending suffix)

* 돕니다 : 돌(the stem of 돌다; ㄹ erased before ㅂ) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -는군! / -는구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -는군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-' / '-ㅂ'

* 나다 : (1) grow; sprout (2) happen; break out (3) occur to; cross one’s mind (4) come out

* 난다 : present tense of 나다 by '-ㄴ-'

* 났다 : past tense of 나다 by ‘-았-‘

- 소년의 턱에서 수염이 나기 시작했다 : Beard has begun to grow on the boy's chin[face]

- 언제 사고가 났습니까? : When did the accident happen?

- 화가 나다 : be[get] upset (with)

- 침이 난다 = 침이 고인다 : I'm drooling

- 트림이 난다 = 트림이 나온다 : I'm burping / belching

* 나 : 나(the stem of 나다; 나 + -아 contracted into 나) + -아(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 납니다 : 나(the stem of 나다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 흐르다 : [자동사] (1) flow; stream; [=흘러내리다] run down; ooze (2) float; drift (3) [=흘러넘치다] run over; drop (4) [=시간이 경과하다] elapse; pass away (5) [=새다] leak (6) [=우세하다] prevail

* 흘리다 : [타동사] (1) spill; drop; [=흘러내리다] shed (2) drop; lose (3) give (it) in driblets (4) [=흘려쓰다•휘갈겨 쓰다] scribble; write in a cursive hands (5) [=알아차리지 못하다•인지하지 못하다•귀담아 듣지 않다] take no notice of

- 눈물을 흘리다 : shed tears

_ 밥알을 흘리다 : spill rice

- 동전을 흘리다 : drop a coin

- 물에 흘려 보내라 : float in a water

- 흘림흘림 흘리어 갚다 : pay one’s debts back little by little 

- 글씨를 흘림으로 쓰지 말고 똑바로 쓰라 : Don't scrible down your handwriting, but write it properly

- 제발 흘려 듣지 말고 귀담아 들어세요 : Please don't ignore it and listen attentively

- 한쪽 귀로 듣고 한쪽 귀로 흘리다 : listen with one ear and bleed through the other; Go in one ear and out the other

* 흐르다 : flow —> 흘(“ㄹ” moved under “흐” from “르”) + 리(let; make) + 다(an ending suffix) —> let flow[run out]; spill <-- “리” makes a verb passive

Let's learn about "미련"

1. 미련 : stupidity; dullness; silliness; asininity

- 미련하다 = 미련스럽다 : stupid (as an owl); dull; thickheaded; weak-headed; soft-[dull-]witted; imbecile

- 그렇게 행동하다니 내가 미련했어 : It was stupid of me to behave like that

2. 미련 : [未練] [=애착] lingering attachment[affection]; [=섭섭함] regret; reluctance to give up.

- 미련이 (남아)있다 : be still attached / have a lingering affection[love] / have a lingering regret / feel regret

- 미련이 없다 : have nothing to regret / have nothing to look back on with regret

- 그는 아직도 그 여자에게 미련이 남아 있다 : Still he cannot give her up

- 이제 그에게 더 이상 미련은 없다 : I'm no longer interested in him. / I don't care[I feel no attachment] for him any longer

- 나는 아직 그 지위에 미련이 있다 : I still retain a lingering desire for the position

- 도시 생활에 미련은 없다  :I do not regret giving up city life

- 최선을 다했으니 미련은 없다 : I did my best[everything I could], so I have no regrets

- 지금 학교를 그만두기에는 미련이 남는다:  I feel reluctant to leave school now

- 미련은 있었으나 그 제안을 거절했다 : I turned down the offer with (much) regret

- 이제 죽어도 미련은 없다 : Now I can die happy[without regrets]

봄날은 간다 - 백설희

 봄날은 간다(The Spring Day passes) - 백설희 in 1953

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yl16M2iVj9w (백설희 English Lyrics)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBf6MhSwuYk (백설희 in 1953)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5H_qgal4_Ks (최백호 on 열린음악회 in 2019)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JjPGjdPNIuc (장사익 on TV Program in 2021)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTFsVXsgvf8 (장사익 & 최백호 on 불후의 명곡 TV Program in 2022)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jhq1uzJPQ_Y (이라희 Remake in 2022)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AX0MLJ7NlEs (장사익 나훈아 최백호 조용필 심수봉 주현미 한영애 김연자 김정호 린)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hm_bg7Vosds (나훈아,조용필,김정호,이동원,최백호,장사익,강신일)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34ExtqfdSkg (백설희,이미자,하춘화,심수봉)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_aLycbNCIo8 (주현미 in 2019)

봄날은 간다

   작사:손로원

   작곡:박시춘

"연분홍 치마자락 봄바람에 날리며

성황당 고갯길에 임 마중 나왔건만

우리 임은 아니오고 세월만 가네

봄이오면 오신다던 임의 말씀은

차라리 잊어 달라는 부탁인가요?

아아.. 야속한 그맹세에 봄날은 간다."

 연분홍 치마가 봄바람에 휘날리더라

 오늘도 옷고름 씹어가며

 산제비 넘나드는 성황당 길에

 꽃이 피면 같이 웃고 꽃이 지면 같이 울던

 알뜰한 그 맹세에 봄날은 간다

 새파란 풀잎이 물에 떠서 흘러가더라

 오늘도 꽃편지 내던지며

 청노새 짤랑대는 역마차 길에

 별이 뜨면 서로 웃고 별이 지면 서로 울던

 실없는 그 기약에 봄날은 간다

 열아홉 시절은 황혼속에 슬퍼지더라

 오늘도 앙가슴 두드리며

 뜬구름 흘러가는 신작로 길에

 새가 날면 따라 웃고 새가 울면 따라 울던

 얄궂은 그 노래에 봄날은 간다

 

 [English Lyrics]

 

 The Spring Day passes

   Lyrics: Shon RoWon

   Composition: Park ShiChoon

"Lettng my light pink skirt wave by the spring breeze 

Onto the hill to the town shrine to wait for my love

Yet, my love didn't come but the time ever passing 

Your words that you'll come by the Spring

Was it rather a request for me to forget you?

Ah ah, at such heartless oath, the spring day passes."

 

My light pink skirt by the spring wind was fluttering

Chewing my breast tie, even today

On the road to the village shrine where wild swallows fly in and out

Laughing together as flowers bloom, cried together as they fade

At such sweet sounding oath, the spring day passes.

A green grass blade upon the stream was floating by

Casting my flower letter, even today

On the road for the stagecoach, driven by bell ringing young mule

Laughing together as stars rise, cried together as they fade

At such vain promise, the spring day passes.

The age of 19 years makes one sad as sun sets 

Beating her chest, even today

On the the street under the floating clouds

Laughing together as birds fly, cried together as they cry

At such ironic song, the spring day passes.

Translation: YouShine@youshine.com 번역: 유샤인

찔레꽃 - 장사익

 찔레꽃(Wild Rose) -장사익 with traditional instrumentation in 1995

* This song is written and composed and sung by 장사익 in 1995 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SoEKDlq-HC8 (장사익 on 청주 KBS in 2021)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjcgAjVT8aY (장사익 on 열린음악회 in 2022)

* 장사익 : South Korean singer whose music combines elements of popular music, jazz, and Korean traditional music, in particular, the style of pansori. He spent his childhood listening to his father and his uncle playing traditional music on the taepyeongso, a traditional Korean oboe and he grew to love the sounds of "Nongak", a traditional Korean music form associated with farm life. He worked for over 25 years doing odd jobs in various towns across Korea, but he found himself longing for the sounds of his childhood. Finally, in 1980, following in his father's footsteps, he began to study the taepyeongso. He made his debut at age 46, at which time he was working as an electronics salesman. In 1993, Jang decide to quit his job as a car center clerk to focus solely on singing. Jang released his first album, entitled Hareulganeungil ("Passage to Heaven"), featuring pianist Im Dong-Chang in 1994. He then released 5 more albums and his music is often a combination of his own compositions and traditional Korean poetry. He often incorporates "kukak", traditional Korean folk songs in his music. He performed the Korean National anthem at the closing ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics

from https://mydramalist.com/people/94795-jang-sa-ik 

https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B5

https://namu.wiki/w/%EC%9E%A5%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B5

https://zetawiki.com/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B5

https://thewiki.kr/w/%EC%9E%A5%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B5

하얀 꽃 찔레꽃

순박한 꽃 찔레꽃별처럼 슬픈 찔레꽃

달처럼 서러운 찔레꽃

찔레꽃 향기는 너무 슬퍼요그래서 울었지 목 놓아 울었지

찔레꽃 향기는 너무 슬퍼요그래서 울었지 밤새워 울었지

하얀 꽃 찔레꽃

순박한 꽃 찔레꽃별처럼 슬픈 찔레꽃

달처럼 서러운 찔레꽃

찔레꽃 향기는 너무 슬퍼요그래서 울었지 목 놓아 울었지

(찔레꽃 향기는) 아 (너무 슬퍼요) 찔레꽃처럼 울었지

(그래서 울었지) 찔레꽃처럼 노래했지

(밤새워 울었지) 찔레꽃처럼 춤췄지

찔레꽃

찔레꽃처럼 울었지

당신은 (그래서 울었지) 당신은 찔레꽃 (밤새워 울었지)

찔레꽃처럼 울었지

[English Translation]

White rose, wild rose

humble rose, wild rose

sad like a star, wild rose

sorrowing like the moon, wild rose

The scent of the wild rose

is too, too sad

and so I cried,

let myself go and wept

The scent of the wild rose

is too, too sad

and so I cried,

all night long I cried

[instrumental interlude]

White rose, wild rose

humble rose, wild rose

sad like a star, wild rose

sorrowing like the moon, wild rose

The scent of the wild rose

is too, too sad

and so I cried,

let myself go and wept

The scent of the wild rose

is too, too sad

and so I cried,

all night long I cried

Ah!

Cried like the wild rose

Sang like the wild rose

Danced like the wild rose

Loved like the wild rose

Lived like the wild rose

Cried like the wild rose

You, wild rose

Cried like the wild rose

Let's learn about "맛있는 냄새가 나요"

맛있는 냄새가 나요 : It smells good; It smells delicious; Smells good; Something smells good

[other expressions]

- 맛있는 냄새가 난다. (to younger people or friends)

- 맛있는 냄새가 나네. (to younger people or friends)

- 맛있는 냄새가 나. (to younger people or friends)

- 맛있는 냄새가 나는군! (to younger people or friends)

- 맛있는 냄새가 나는구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 맛있는 냄새가 나네요. (honourific by '요')

- 맛있는 냄새가 나는군요. (honourific by '요')

- 맛있는 냄새가 나요. (honourific by '요')

- 맛있는 냄새가 납니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 맛있는 : delicious

* 맛있게 : an adverb form of 맛있는

* 맛있다 : [Pronunciation: 마시따] be  delicious

* 냄새 : smell

* -가 : a particle makes 냄세 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 나다 : (1) grow; sprout (2) happen; break out (3) occur to; cross one’s mind (4) come out

* 난다 : present tense of 나다 by '-ㄴ-'

* 났다 : past tense of 나다 by ‘-았-‘

- 소년의 턱에서 수염이 나기 시작했다 : Beard has begun to grow on the boy's chin[face]

- 언제 사고가 났습니까? : When did the accident happen?

- 화가 나다 : be[get] upset (with)

- 침이 난다 = 침이 고인다 : I'm drooling

- 트림이 난다 = 트림이 나온다 : I'm burping / belching

* 나 : 나(the stem of 나다; 나 + -아 contracted into 나) + -아(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 납니다 : 나(the stem of 나다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -는군! / -는구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -는군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "멀다"

* 멀다 has the following meanings

* 먼 : an adjective form of 멀다 by '-ㄴ'

* 멀게 : an adverb form of 멀다 by '-게'

* 멀었다 : [Pronunciation: 멀얻따] past tense of 멀다 by '-었-'

1) [거리(distance)] far; distant; remote; far-off; faraway

- 먼 곳 : a distant place

- 먼 곳의 : distant / remote

- 먼 곳에 : far away / in the distance

- 먼 앞바다에 : far out in the offing

- 그는 먼 곳에서 왔다 : He came from far away[a distant place]

- 먼 곳을 와 주셔서 감사합니다 : You are very kind to come so far[all this way]

- 이 학교에서 그리 멀지 않은 곳에 오래된 절이 하나 있다 : There is an old temple not too far (away) from our school

- 우체국은 여기서 멉니까? : Is the post office far from here?

- 시청은 버스 정류소에서 꽤 멀다 : The city hall is quite a long way from the bus stop

- 먼 곳으로 이사 가신다지요 : I hear you are moving a long way off

- 그것은 어떤 먼 나라에서 일어난 일이야 : It happened in some far-off[distant] country

- 먼 산골에 들어가고 싶다 : I wish I could go deep into the mountains

2) [시간적으로(as the time)] remote

- 머지않아 : before long / one of these days / [=조만간] in the near future

- 그 전설은 먼 옛날부터 전해 내려오고 있다 : The legend has been handed down from ancient times[the remote past]

- 그것은 먼 옛날에 일어난 일이었다 : It happened a long time[while] ago. / That's something that happened in the distant past

- 나는 먼 앞날을 예견할 수 없다 : I cannot foretell the remote future

- 머지않아 그는 그것을 이해하게 될 것이다 : He will come to understand it before long[in due time]

- 먼 장래를 생각해 봅시다 : Let's look far (ahead) into the future

- 이리로 이사 온 것이 먼 옛날처럼 느껴진다 : It seems to me as if it were ages ago when I moved here[I had lived here for ages]

- 그가 임원으로 승진하는 것도 그리 멀지 않다 : It will not be long before he is promoted to director

- 그는 사흘이 멀다하고 내게 전화를 한다 : He calls me at least once every three days

- 그의 일이 완성되기까지는 아직 멀었다 : He has a long way to go before he finishes his work.

3) [사이(between)] distant

- 그는 먼 친척이다 : I am distantly related to him. / He is one of my distant relatives

- 어제 먼 친척 한 분이 찾아왔었다 : A distant relative of mine called on me yesterday

- 두 사람의 사이가 점점 멀어졌다 : Gradually they became estranged from each other. / Gradually a gulf grew up between them

- 그는 친구들로부터 멀어지게 되었다 : His friends began to avoid[keep away from] him

4) [정도(degree) be no match ; be far inferior ; [=미숙련] poor; unskilled

- 그녀는 미인하고는 거리가 멀다 : She is far from beautiful. / She can't be called beautiful

- 수상의 발언은 서민의 감정과는 거리가 먼 것이었다 : The Premier's remarks showed little understanding of the feelings of ordinary people

- 그녀는 예술가의 수준에는 아직 멀었다 : She is far from artistic. / She is not in the least artistic

5) [눈(eye)] become[go] blind; become sightless; lose[be deprived of] one's (eye) sight

- 먼 눈 : a blind eye

- 한쪽 눈이 먼 : blind of an eye

- 눈이 멀다 : be[become] blind

- 돈에 눈이 멀다 : be blinded by money. 

Let's learn about "아직"

* 아직 : (1) [=어떤 일이 이루어질 때가 채 못 되어] (not) yet; still; as yet; with no change; even now; so far (2) [=계속해서] still more (3) [=겨우] only

- 아직 봄이 오지 않은 산들 : mountains not yet touched by spring

- 그는 아직 자고 있다 : He is still sleeping

- 그는 아직 돌아오지 않았다 : He has not come back yet

- 아직 백부님은 뵌 적이 없다 : I have never met my uncle

- 그것은 네가 아직 태어나지 않을 때의 일이었다 : It was before you were born

- 나는 아직 건강하다 : Up till now[so far] I have been in good shape

- 그때부터 아직 1주일밖에 되지 않았다  :It has been only a week since then

- 이 나라의 공업화는 아직 앞날이 멀다 : The industrialization of this country still has a long way to go

- 그의 기술은 아직 멀었다 : His technique still leaves much to be desired

- 정상까지는 아직 멀다 : It is still a long way to the summit

- 그의 기술은 전문가로서는 아직 멀었다 : His skill is still far from that of an expert

* 아직도 : still; even now; yet

- 그녀는 아직도 행방 불명이다 : She is still missing

- 그들은 아직도 미신의 지배를 받고 있다 : Even now[today] they are under the influence of superstitions

- 시원하기는 하지만, 아직도 여름은 여름이다 : Cool as it is[Cool though it may be], summer is still summer

- 그녀는 아직도 아름답다 : She is as beautiful as ever

Let's learn about "밥 아직 멀었어요?"

밥 아직 멀었어요? : How long is it till supper’s ready?; How long do we have to wait?; Do we need to wait long?; When are we eating?

ex)

A. 배고파요. 얼마나 기다려야 해요? : I’m so hungry. How long do I have to wait?

B. 조금만 참아. 금방 될 거야 : Be patient. It’ll be ready soon

[other expressions]

- 밥 아직 멀었니? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 밥 아직 멀었냐? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 밥 아직 멀었나? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 밥 아직 멀었어? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 밥 아직 멀었는가? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 밥 아직 멀었는지? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 밥 아직 멀었나요? (honourific by '-요')

- 밥 아직 멀었어요? (honourific by '-요')

- 밥 아직 멀었는가요? (honourific by '-요')

- 밥 아직 멀었습니까? (more honourific by '시-')

[explanations]

* 밥 : cooked rice

* -이 / -은 : a particle makes 밥 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 아직 : [=어떤 일이 이루어질 때가 채 못 되어] (not) yet; still; as yet; with no change; even now; so far; [=계속해서] still more; [=겨우] only

* 멀다 : [정도(degree•level]  be no match ; be far inferior ; [=미숙련] be poor; be unskilled

* 먼 : [정도(degree•level]  no match ; far inferior ; [=미숙련] poor; unskilled

* 멀게 : an adverb form of 멀다 by '-게'

- 그녀는 미인하고는 거리가 멀다 : She is far from beautiful. / She can't be called beautiful

- 수상의 발언은 서민의 감정과는 거리가 먼 것이었다 : The Premier's remarks showed little understanding of the feelings of ordinary people

- 그녀는 예술가의 수준에는 아직 멀었다 : She is far from artistic. / She is not in the least artistic

* 멀었다 : [Pronunciation: 멀얻따] past tense of 멀다 by '-었-'

* 아직 멀었다 : be still far from ...ing

* 멀었습니까? : 멀었(the stem of 멀었다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix) 


* a verb + -니? / -나? / / -냐? / -어? / -는지? / -는가?  : a non-honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -어? / -는지? / -는가? +  -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix by ‘시-‘ / '-스' / ‘-ㅂ’ / ‘-요’

* 배고픈 : hungry

* 배고프다 : be hungry <-- 배(stomach; belly) + -고프다(hungry; famished)

- 배가 고프다 : be hungry / feel[get] hungry

* 배고파요 : 배고프(the stem of 배고프다; 프 + -아 contracted into  파) + -아(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 얼마나 : how (long)

* 기다리다 : wait

* 기다려야 : 

* 기다려야 : 기다리(the stem of 기다리다) + -어야/-아야/-여야(have to; A connective ending used when the preceding statement is an essential condition for the following statement)

* 하다 : do

* -어야 하다 / -아야 하다 / -여야 하다 : have to do

* 해요? : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어?(an interrogative veeb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 조금 : a little

* -만 : only

* 참다 : [Pronunciation: 참따] be patient; endure

* 참아 : 참(the stem of 참다) + -아(a non-honouricic propositive and imperative verb ending suffix means "Please ~; Do ~")

* 금방 : soon

* 되다 : become

* 될 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive)

* 거야 : a short form of 것이야

* 것 : a thing

* -이다 : be

* -이야 : 이(the stem of 이다) + -야(a non-honourific descriptive ending suffix)

* -ㄹ 것이다 / -ㄹ 거다 : will ~

* 될 것이다 / 될 거다 : will be ready

Let's learn about "갈비 어때요?"

(저녁으로) 갈비 어때요? : How about marinated ribs (for dinner)?; Why don’t we have marinated ribs?; How does marinated ribs sound?; Let’s have marinated ribs

[other expressions]

- 갈비(는) 어떠니? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 갈비(는) 어떠냐? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 갈비(는) 어때? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 갈비(는) 어떤가? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 갈비(는) 어때요? (honourific by '-요')

- 갈비(는) 어떤가요? (honourific by '-요')

- 갈비(는) 어떠세요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 갈비(는) 어떠셔요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 갈비(는) 어떠십니까? (more honourific by '시-')

[explanations]

* 저녁 : (1) [=해가 질 무렵부터 밤이 오기까지의 사이(between sunset and nightfall)] evening; nightfall; dusk (2) [=저녁 식사] dinner

- 내일[오늘 / 어제] 저녁 : tomorrow[this / yesterday] evening

- 저녁종 : the evening bell / the curfew

- 저녁마다 : every evening

* -으로 / -로 : as

* 갈비 : marinated ribs

* -는 : a particle makes 갈비 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 어떻다 : a short form of 어떠하다(be how)


* 어때? : 어떻(the stem of 어떻다; ㅎ erased before 어) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* 어떠세요? : 어떻(the stem of 어떻다; ㅎ erased before 어) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 어떠셔요? : 어떻(the stem of 어떻다; ㅎ erased before 어) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 어떠십니까? : 어떻(the stem of 어떻다; ㅎ erased before 어) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix) 


* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -지? / -는지? / -는가? / -ㄴ가? : a non-honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -어? / -지? / -는지? / -는가? / -ㄴ가? +  -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -세요? / -셔요? / -십니까? / -ㅂ니까? / -시는가요? / -시는지요? : an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix by ‘시-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’ / ‘-요’

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;오늘 저녁 뭐예요?&quot;

오늘 저녁 뭐예요? : What’s for dinner?; What are we having for dinner?; What are we having tonight?

ex)

A. 오늘 저녁 메뉴는 뭐예요? : What are we having for dinner?

B. 글쎄, 뭐 먹고 싶니? : I’m not sure. What would you like to have?

other expressions]

- 오늘 저녁(은) 무엇이니? (to younger people or friends)

- 오늘 저녁(은) 무엇이냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 오늘 저녁(은) 무엇이야? (to younger people or friends)

- 오늘 저녁(은) 무엇이지? (to younger people or friends)

- 오늘 저녁(은) 무엇인가? (to younger people or friends)

- 오늘 저녁(은) 무엇인지? (to younger people or friends)

- 오늘 저녁(은) 무엇이지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 오늘 저녁(은) 무엇이죠? (honourific by '-요'; -죠? is a short form of -지요?")

- 오늘 저녁(은) 무엇인가요? (honourific by '-요')

- 오늘 저녁(은) 무엇인지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 오늘 저녁(은) 무엇이에요? (honourific by '-요')

- 오늘 저녁(은) 무엇입니까? (formal; honourfic by '-ㅂ')

- 오늘 저녁(은) 무엇이세요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 오늘 저녁(은) 무엇이셔요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 오늘 저녁(은) 무엇이십니까? (more honourific by '시-')

- 오늘 저녁(은) 뭐니? (to younger people or friends)

- 오늘 저녁(은) 뭐냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 오늘 저녁(은) 뭐야? (to younger people or friends)

- 오늘 저녁(은) 뭐지? (to younger people or friends)

- 오늘 저녁(은) 뭔가? (to younger people or friends)

- 오늘 저녁(은) 뭔지? (to younger people or friends)

- 오늘 저녁(은) 뭐지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 오늘 저녁(은) 뭐죠? (honourific by '-요'; -죠? is a short form of -지요?")

- 오늘 저녁(은) 뭔가요? (honourific by '-요')

- 오늘 저녁(은) 뭔지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 오늘 저녁(은) 뭐예요? (honourific by '-요')

- 오늘 저녁(은) 뭡니까? (formal; honourfic by '-ㅂ')

- 오늘 저녁(은) 뭐세요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 오늘 저녁(은) 뭐셔요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 오늘 저녁(은) 뭐입니까? (more honourific by '시-')

[explanations]

* 오늘 : today

* 저녁 : (1) [=해가 질 무렵부터 밤이 오기까지의 사이(between sunset and nightfall)] evening; nightfall; dusk (2) [=저녁 식사] dinner

- 내일[오늘 / 어제] 저녁 : tomorrow[this / yesterday] evening

- 저녁종 : the evening bell / the curfew

- 저녁마다 : every evening

* -은 : a particle makes 저녁 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what)

* 이다 : be 

* 무엇이세요? : 무엇 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -이시 used after a before-letter ands in a consonant) + -어?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 무엇이셔요? : 무엇 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 used after a before-letter ands in a consonant) + -여?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 무엇입니까? : 무엇 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* 무엇이십니까? : 무엇 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific: 이시 used after a before-letter ands in a consonant) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* 뭐세요? : 뭐 + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 used after a before-letter ands in a vowel) + -어?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 뭐셔요? : 뭐 + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 used after a before-letter ands in a vowel) + -여?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 뭐입니까? : 뭐 + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific: 시 used after a before-letter ands in a vowel) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* a noun + -(이)니? / -(이)냐? / -(이)야? / -인가? / -ㄴ가? / -인지? / -ㄴ지? / -(이)지? : a questioning form of 이다

* a noun + -인가? / -ㄴ가? / -인지? / -ㄴ지? / -(이)지? + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a noun + -예요? / -이에요? / -입니까? / -이세요? / -이셔요? / -이십니까? : an honourific questioning form of 이다 by '-요' / ‘-ㅂ' / '시-'

* 저녁 메뉴 : dinner menu

* -는 : a particle makes 저녁 메뉴 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 글쎄 : (1) [주저할 때(when hesitating)> well (2) [강조할 때(for emphasizing)> (3) [잘 모를 때(When no knowning well)] I'm not sure

- 글쎄요, 그건 확실히 모르겠어요 : Well, I'm not sure about that

- 글쎄 내 말 들어 : Just listen to me

- 글쎄 어디 갈까? : I don't know. Where should we go?

* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇을

* -를 : a particle makes 뭐 objective after a word ends in a vowel: this omitted

* 무엇 : what

* -을 : a particle makes 무엇 objective after a word ends in a consonanr

* 먹다 : [Pronunciation: 먹따] eat

* 먹었다 : past tense of 먹다 by '-었-'

* 먹는다 : present tense of 먹다 by '-는-'

* 먹고 : 먹(the stem of 먹다) + -고(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 싶다 : want; hope

* -고 싶다 : want to do

* 싶니? : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -니?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)